- 1518
| Nov 18 | Cortez leaves Cuba for Mexico with 10 armed vessels. | Ref: 62 |
- 1519
| Mar 13 | Herando Cortez of Spain lands in the New World, in what would become Mexico. | Ref: 2 |
| Apr 24 | Envoys of Montezuma II attend the first Easter mass in Central America. | Ref: 2 |
| Nov 08 | Spanish adventurer Hernando Cortez and his force of about 300 Spanish soldiers, 18 horses and thousands of Mexico's native inhabitants who had grown resentful of Aztec rule marched unmolested into Tenochtitlán, the capital city of the Aztec empire. | Ref: 2 |
- 1520
| Jun 30 | Montezuma II is murdered as Spanish conquistadors flee the Aztec capital of Tenochtilan during the night. | Ref: 2 |
| Jul 10 | The Spanish explorer Cortes is driven from Tenochtitlan and retreats to Tlaxcala. | Ref: 2 |
- 1521
| May 26 | A three month seige of Tenochtitlan by Hernando Cortes marks the start of the last battle with the Aztecs. | |
| Aug 13 | The end of the Aztec civilization. Spanish forces under Hernando Cortes stormed Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. Cortes's men leveled the city and captured Cuauhtemoc, the Aztec emperor. | Ref: 2 |
| Aug 31 | Cortes captures the city of Tenochtitlan, Mexico, and sets it on fire. | Ref: 2 |
- 1529
| Jul 26 | Francisco Pizzaro receives a royal warrant in Toledo, Spain, to "discover and conquer" Peru. | Ref: 2 |
- 1532
| Nov 16 | Pizarro seizes Incan emperor Atahualpa after victory at Cajamarca. | Ref: 5 |
- 1533
| Aug 29 | The last Incan King of Peru, Atahualpa, was murdered (strangled) on orders from Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro. | Ref: 68 |
| Nov 15 | The explorer Francisco Pizarro enters Cuzco, Peru. | Ref: 2 |
- 1535
| Jan 10 | Francisco Pizarro founds La Ciudad des Los Reyes (City of Kings), later known as Lima Peru. (Ref: Dictionary of Hispanic Biography, ISBN 0-8103-8302-0) | |
- 1541
| Jun 26 | Former followers murder Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish Conqueror of Peru in Lima Peru. | Ref: 2 |
- 1547
| Sep 02 | Hernandp Cortez, the Spanish general who defeated the Aztec Indians, dies. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 02 | Hernando Cortes, the Spanish general who defeated the Aztec Indians, dies. | Ref: 93 |
- 1581
| Mar 25 | Portugese Cortes calls Philip II king of Portugal. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 01 | Portugese Cortes subjects himself on Philip II. | Ref: 5 |
- 1623
| Apr 29 | 11 Dutch ships depart for the conquest of Peru. | Ref: 5 |
- 1790
| Dec 17 | Aztec Calendar or Solar Stone uncovered by workmen repairing Central Plaza in Mexico City. | Ref: 5 |
- 1911
| Jul 24 | Archaeologist Hiram Bingham discovers Machu Picchu, Lost City of the Incas. | Ref: 10 |
- 1923
| Jan 24 | Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico established. | Ref: 5 |
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Conquistadores Chronology