- -3761
| Oct 07 | -BC- Origin of Jewish Mundane Era. | Ref: 5 |
- -515
| Mar 10 | -BC- The building of the great Jewish temple in Jerusalem is completed. | Ref: 2 |
- 73
| Apr 14 | According to Jewish historian Josephus, 967 Jewish zealots committed mass suicide within the fortress of Masada on this last night before the walls were breached by the attacking Roman Tenth Legion. (Two women and five children survived by hiding in a cistern, and were later released unharmed by the Romans.). | Ref: 5 |
- 418
| Mar 10 | Jews are excluded from public office in the Roman Empire. | Ref: 5 |
- 468
| Dec 18 | Huna Mari bar Mar Zutra, rabbi, executed in Pumpedita. | Ref: 5 |
- 1105
| Jul 13 | Death of Rashi (b.1040), medieval Jewish Bible scholar. His name is a Hebrewacrostic for Rabbi Shelomoh ben Isaac. Rashi was the leading rabbinic commentator in his day on the Old Testament and Talmud. | Ref: 5 |
- 1147
| Mar 26 | Jewish community in Cologne fast to commemorate anti-Jewish violence | Ref: 2 |
- 1189
| Sep 03 | Rabbi Jacob of Orleans killed in anti Jewish riot in London England. | Ref: 5 |
- 1190
| Mar 16 | The Crusades begin with the massacre of Jews in York, England. | Ref: 2 |
| Mar 16 | Jews of York England commit mass sucide rather than submit to baptism. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 18 | Crusaders kill 57 Jews in Bury St Edmonds England. | Ref: 5 |
- 1210
| Nov 01 | King John of England begins imprisoning Jews. | Ref: 5 |
- 1235
| Jan 02 | Emperor Joseph II orders Jews of Galicia Austria to adopt family names. | Ref: 5 |
- 1241
| May 25 | First attack on Jewish community of Frankfort-on-the-Main Germany. | Ref: 5 |
- 1253
| Jul 23 | Jews are expelled from Vienne France by order of Pope Innocent III. | Ref: 5 |
- 1264
| Aug 05 | Anti-Jewish riots break out in Arnstadt Germany. | Ref: 5 |
- 1267
| Feb 09 | Synod of Breslau orders Jews of Silesia to wear special caps. | Ref: 5 |
| May 10 | Vienna's church orders all Jews to wear a distinctive garb | Ref: 2 |
- 1275
| May 23 | King Edward I of England orders cessation of persecution of French Jews. | Ref: 5 |
- 1278
| May 10 | Jews of England imprisoned on charges of coining | Ref: 2 |
| Nov 17 | 680 Jews arrested (293 hanged) in England for counterfeiting coins. | Ref: 5 |
- 1285
| Oct 12 | 180 Jews refuse baptism in Munich Germany, they are set on fire. | Ref: 5 |
- 1288
| Apr 24 | Jews of Yroyes France are accused of ritual murder. | Ref: 5 |
- 1290
| Jul 12 | Jews are expelled from England by order of King Edward I. | Ref: 5 |
- 1294
| Jun 30 | Jews are expelled from Berne Switzerland. | Ref: 5 |
- 1298
| Jul 23 | Jews are massacred at Wurzburg Germany. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 19 | Rindfleish-140 Jews of Heilbron Germany are murdered. | Ref: 5 |
- 1322
| Jun 24 | Jews are expelled from France. | Ref: 5 |
- 1348
| Sep 21 | Jews in Zurich Switzerland are accused of poisoning wells. | Ref: 5 |
- 1349
| Jan 09 | 700 Jews of Basel Switzerland, burned alive in their houses. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 30 | Jews of Freilsburg Germany are massacred. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 09 | 700 Jews of Basel Switzerland, burned alive in their houses. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 13 | Jews are expelled from Burgsordf Switzerland. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 14 | 2,000 Jews are burned at the stake in Strasbourg, Germany. | Ref: 2 |
| Feb 16 | Jews are expelled from Burgsdorf Switzerland. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 22 | Jews are expelled from Zurich Switzerland. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 21 | 3,000 Jews killed in Black Death riots in Efurt Germany. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 22 | Townspeople of Fulda Germany massacre the Jews (who were blamed for black death). | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 30 | Jewish community at Radolszell Germany, exterminated. | Ref: 5 |
| May 28 | 60 Jews murdered in Breslau Silesia. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 10 | Jews who survived a massacre in Constance Germany are burned to death. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 29 | People of Krems Austria accuse Jews of poisoning the wells. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 05 | 500 Jews are massacred at Nüremberg in Black death riots. | Ref: 5 |
- 1350
| Mar 12 | Orvieto city says it will behead & burn Jewish-Christian couples. | Ref: 5 |
- 1355
| May 07 | 1,200 Jews of Toledo Spain killed by Count Henry of Trastamara. | Ref: 5 |
- 1357
| Nov 25 | Charles IV issues letter of protection of Jews of Strasbourg Alsace. | Ref: 5 |
- 1360
| Jul 25 | Jews are expelled from Breslau Silesia. | Ref: 5 |
- 1370
| May 22 | Jews are expelled/massacred from Brussels Belgium. | Ref: 5 |
- 1391
| Mar 15 | Jew hating Monk in Seville Spain stirs up people to attack Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 05 | Castilian sailors in Barcelona, Spain set fire to a Jewish ghetto, killing 100 people and setting off four days of violence against Jews. | Ref: 2 |
- 1394
| Jul 25 | Charles VI of France issues a decree for the general expulsion of Jews from France. | Ref: 2 |
| Sep 17 | Jews are expelled from France by order of King Charles VI. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 03 | Jews are expelled from France by Charles VI. | Ref: 5 |
- 1420
| May 23 | Jews of Syria & Austria expelled. | Ref: 5 |
- 1421
| May 11 | Jews are expelled from Styria Austria. | Ref: 5 |
| May 23 | Jews of Austria imprisoned & expelled. | Ref: 5 |
- 1424
| Dec 06 | Don Alfonso V of Aragon grants Barcelona the right to exclude Jews. | Ref: 5 |
- 1427
| May 10 | Jews are expelled from Berne Switzerland | Ref: 2 |
- 1428
| Feb 05 | King Alfonso V, orders Sicily's Jews to attend conversion sermons. | Ref: 5 |
- 1430
| Jan 01 | Jews of Sicily are no longer required to attend conversionist services. | Ref: 5 |
| May 05 | Jews are expelled from Speyer Germany. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 03 | Jews are expelled from Eger Bohemia. | Ref: 5 |
- 1450
| Oct 05 | Jews are expelled from Lower Bavaria by order of Ludwig IX. | Ref: 5 |
- 1451
| Sep 21 | Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa orders Jews of Holland to wear a badge. | Ref: 5 |
- 1454
| Aug 22 | Jews are expelled from Brunn Moravia by order of King Ladislaus. | Ref: 5 |
- 1455
-
- 1479
| Dec 12 | Jews are expelled from Schlettstadt Alsace by Emperor Frederick III. | Ref: 5 |
- 1492
| Mar 30 | The Jews were expelled from Spain by Inquisitor_General Tom's Torquemada (Spanish Inquisition). | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 31 | King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain issue an edict expelling Jews from Spanish soil, except for those willing to convert to Christianity. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 02 | Jews are expelled from Spain by King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 15 | In Spain, 6 Jews & 5 Conversos are accused of using black magic. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 31 | 100,000 Jews expelled from Sicily. | Ref: 5 |
- 1493
| Jan 12 | Last day for all Jews to leave Sicily. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 12 | Last day for all Jews to leave Sicily. | Ref: 5 |
- 1496
| Mar 09 | Jews are expelled from Carintha Austria. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 12 | The Jews are expelled from Syria. | Ref: 2 |
| Dec 05 | Jews are expelled from Portugal by order of King Manuel I. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 10 | Portugal issues expulsion order to remove all Jews from country within ten months. | Ref: 10 |
- 1497
| Jan 06 | Jews are expelled from Graz (Syria). | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 19 | Portuguese royal court revokes order to expell Jews; force conversion to Christianity of thousands. | Ref: 10 |
- 1498
| Jun 21 | Jews are expelled from Nurenberg Bavaria by Emperor Maximillian. | Ref: 5 |
- 1505
| Apr 20 | Jews are expelled from Orange Burgandy by Philibert of Luxembourg. | Ref: 5 |
- 1510
| Jan 22 | Jews are expelled from Colmar Germany. | Ref: 5 |
| Jul 19 | 38 Jews are burned at the stake in Berlin Prussia. | Ref: 5 |
- 1515
| Jan 01 | Jews are expelled from Laibach Austria. | Ref: 5 |
- 1516
| Apr 10 | First ghetto, Jews are compelled to live in specific area of Venice. | Ref: 5 |
- 1524
| Dec 12 | Pope Clement VII approves Organization of Jewish Community of Rome. | Ref: 5 |
- 1526
| Nov 09 | Jews are expelled from Pressburg Hungary by Maria of Hapsburg. | Ref: 5 |
- 1529
| May 27 | 30 Jews of Posing Hungary, charged with blood ritual, burned at stake. | Ref: 5 |
- 1539
| Feb 19 | Jews of Tyrnau Hungary (then Trnava Czechoslovakia), expelled. | Ref: 5 |
- 1549
| Jul 17 | Jews are expelled from Ghent Belgium. | Ref: 5 |
- 1550
| Apr 02 | Jews are expelled from Genoa Italy | Ref: 5 |
- 1553
| Sep 04 | Cornelia da Nomatalcino monk converted to Judaism, burned at stake. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 21 | Volumes of the Talmud are burned. | Ref: 5 |
- 1556
| Apr 13 | Portuguese Marranos who revert back to Judaism burned by order of Pope. | Ref: 5 |
- 1563
| Apr 30 | All Jews are expelled from France by order of Charles VI. | Ref: 2 |
- 1567
| Jun 15 | Jews are expelled from Genoa Italy. | Ref: 5 |
| Jun 20 | Jews are expelled from Brazil by order of regent Don Henrique. | Ref: 5 |
- 1570
| Jan 04 | Spanish viceroy Alva banishes Zutphen City's only physician, Joost Sweiter, "because he is a Jew". | Ref: 5 |
- 1583
| Feb 09 | Jeseph Sanalbo Jewish convert in Rome, burned at stake. | Ref: 5 |
- 1598
| Jan 08 | Jews are expelled from Genoa Italy. | Ref: 5 |
- 1601
| Jan 14 | Church authorities burn Hebrew books in Rome. | Ref: 5 |
- 1614
| Sep 01 | Vincent Fettmich expells Jews from Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany. | Ref: 5 |
- 1625
| Sep 13 | Rabbi Isiah Horowith & 15 other rabbis arrested in Jerusalem. | Ref: 5 |
- 1638
| Jan 05 | Petition in Recife Brazil leads to closing of their 2 synagogues. | Ref: 5 |
- 1645
| Apr 07 | Michael Cardozo becomes first Jewish lawyer in Brazil. | Ref: 5 |
- 1648
| Nov 02 | 12,000 Jews are massacred by Chmielnicki hordes in Narol, Podlia. | Ref: 5 |
- 1654
| Apr 26 | Jews are expelled from Brazil. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 22 | Jacob Barsimson becomes first man of Jewish extraction to set foot in America. | Ref: 10 |
- 1655
| Apr 26 | Dutch West Indies Company denies Peter Stuyvesant's desire to exclude Jews from New Amsterdam. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 28 | New Amsterdam & Peter Stuyvesant bars Jews from military service. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 15 | Jews of Lublin are massacred. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 04 | Middelburg Netherlands forbids building of synagogue. | Ref: 5 |
- 1656
| Feb 22 | New Amsterdam granted a Jewish burial site. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 13 | Jews are denied the right to build a synagogue in New Amsterdam. | Ref: 5 |
- 1665
| May 13 | A statute was enacted in Rhode Island, offering freemanship with no specifically Christian requirements, thus effectively enfranchising Jews. | Ref: 5 |
- 1670
| Feb 14 | Roman Catholic emperor Leopold I chases Jews out of Vienna. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 27 | Jews are expelled from Austria by order of Leopold I. | Ref: 5 |
| Jul 25 | Jews are expelled from Vienna Austria. | Ref: 5 |
- 1683
| Sep 24 | Jews are expelled from all French possessions in America. | Ref: 5 |
- 1685
| Dec 03 | Charles II bars Jews from settling in Stockholm Sweden. | Ref: 5 |
- 1695
| Sep 12 | NY Jews petition governor Dongan for religious liberties. | Ref: 5 |
- 1699
| Mar 04 | Jews are expelled from Lubeck Germany. | Ref: 5 |
- 1716
| Jul 18 | Jews are expelled from Brussels Belgium. | Ref: 5 |
- 1720
| Apr 03 | Elia van Vilnius [Elijahu ben Salomo Zalman] Latvian rabbi, is born. | Ref: 5 |
| Jun 12 | Birth of Isaac Pinto, translator of the first Jewish prayerbook published in America. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 09 | Rabbi Yehuda Hasid synagogue set afire. | Ref: 5 |
- 1727
| May 07 | Jews are expelled from Ukraine by Empress Catherine I of Russia. | Ref: 5 |
- 1728
| Dec 17 | Congregation Shearith Israel of New York purchases a lot on Mill Street in lower Manhattan, to build New York's first synagogue. | Ref: 5 |
- 1730
| Apr 08 | Shearith Israel, first Jewish congregation organized in America, consecrated their synagogue in New York City. | Ref: 5 |
- 1731
| May 28 | All Hebrew books in Papal State are confiscated. | Ref: 5 |
- 1738
| Dec 09 | Jews are expelled from Breslau Silesia. | Ref: 5 |
- 1739
| Sep 01 | 35 Jews sentenced to life in prison in Lisbon Portugal. | Ref: 5 |
- 1740
| Feb 03 | Charles de Bourbon, King of Naples, invites Jews to return to Sicily. | Ref: 5 |
| Jul 11 | Jews are expelled from Little Russia by order of Czarina Anne. | Ref: 5 |
- 1742
| Dec 01 | Empress Elisabeth orders expulsion of all Jews from Russia. | Ref: 5 |
- 1745
| Mar 31 | Jews are expelled from Prague | Ref: 5 |
- 1748
| Mar 19 | English Naturalization Act passes granting Jews right to colonize US. | Ref: 5 |
- 1755
| Nov 27 | Land for the first Jewish settlement in America was purchased by Joseph Salvador, who bought 10,000 acres near Fort Ninety-Six, in the southern part of the Carolina Colony. | Ref: 5 |
- 1763
| Dec 02 | The Touro Synagogue opened in Newport, RI. Sephardic Jews in Jamaica, Surinam, London and Amsterdam sponsored the building of this first major center of Jewish culture in America. | Ref: 5 |
- 1774
| Dec 18 | Jews expelled from Prague, Bohemia & Moravia by Empress Maria Theresa. | Ref: 5 |
- 1775
| Jan 11 | Francis Salvador becomes first Jew elected to office in America (SC). | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 22 | Marshal Oscar von Lubomirski expels Jews from Warsaw Poland. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 22 | Jews expelled from outskirts of Warsaw Poland. | Ref: 5 |
- 1776
| Apr 19 | Jacob Israel Emden [Jacob ben Tswi] German rabbi, dies at 78. | Ref: 5 |
- 1783
| Mar 05 | King Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski grants rights to Jews of Kovno. | Ref: 5 |
- 1784
| May 25 | Jews are expelled from Warsaw by Marshall Mniszek. | Ref: 5 |
- 1787
| Aug 17 | Jews are granted permission in Budapest Hungary to pray in groups. | |
- 1791
| Mar 04 | First Jewish member of US Congress, Israel Jacobs (Pennsylvania), takes office. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 27 | Jews in France are granted French citizenship. | Ref: 2 |
- 1798
| Jan 01 | Russia appoints first Jewish censor to censor Hebrew books. | Ref: 5 |
- 1799
| Apr 14 | Napoleon called for establishing Jerusalem for Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 20 | Napoleon issues a decree calling for establishing Jerusalem for Jews. | Ref: 5 |
- 1800
| Jan 05 | First Swedenborgian temple in US holds 1st service, Baltimore MD. | Ref: 5 |
- 1801
| Apr 08 | Soldiers riot in Bucharest, kill 128 Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 30 | Zacharias Frankel, Bohemian rabbi and theologian; founded Conservative Judaism, is born. | Ref: 70 |
- 1808
| Mar 31 | French created Kingdom of Westphalia orders Jews to adopt family names | Ref: 5 |
- 1809
| May 05 | Citizenship is denied to Jews of Canton of Aargau Switzerland. | Ref: 5 |
- 1812
| Mar 11 | Citizenship granted to Prussian Jews. | Ref: 5 |
- 1815
| Jul 13 | Former US President John Adams wrote in a letter: 'The Hebrews have done more to civilize men than any other nation. If I were an atheist,... I should still believe fate had ordained the Jews to be the most essential instrument for civilizing the nations.'. | Ref: 5 |
- 1816
| Mar 06 | Jews are expelled from Free city of Lubeck Germany. | Ref: 5 |
- 1818
| Nov 21 | Russia's Czar Alexander I petitions for a Jewish state in Palestine. | Ref: 5 |
- 1819
| Mar 29 | Isaac Mayer Wise rabbi, founded American Hebrew Congregations, is born. | Ref: 5 |
- 1820
| Mar 05 | Dutch city of Leeuwarden forbids Jews to go to synagogues on Sundays. | Ref: 5 |
- 1824
| Nov 21 | First Jewish Reform congregation established, Charleston, SC. | Ref: 5 |
- 1829
| Nov 20 | Jews are expelled from Russia's Nikolayev & Sevastopol. | Ref: 5 |
- 1836
| Sep 01 | Reconstruction begins on Synagogue of Rabbi Judah Hasid in Jerusalem. | Ref: 5 |
- 1837
| Nov 09 | British philanthropist Moses Montefiore, 52, became the first Jew to be knighted in England. Montefiore was a banking executive who devoted his life to the political and civil emancipation of English Jews. | Ref: 5 |
- 1840
| May 02 | Theodor Herzl founded Zionist movement, is born. | Ref: 5 |
- 1843
| Oct 13 | B'nai B'rith, the oldest secular Jewish organization in the United States, is founded in New York City by Henry Jones and eleven others. (Xenia Daily Gazette, p. 4A, 10/13/2000) | Ref: 70 |
| Nov 12 | First B'nai Brith lodge founded in New York City. | Ref: 10 |
- 1848
| Apr 06 | Jews of Prussia granted equality. | Ref: 5 |
- 1851
| Mar 07 | Poll tax levied on Russo-Polish Jews entering Austrian Galicia ends. | Ref: 5 |
- 1852
| Sep 03 | Anti Jewish riots break out in Stockholm. | Ref: 5 |
- 1853
| Oct 02 | Austrian law forbids Jews from owning land. | Ref: 5 |
- 1855
| Feb 04 | Soldiers shoot Jewish families in Coro, Venezuela. | Ref: 5 |
- 1857
| Apr 27 | Establishment of Jewish congregations in Lower Austria prohibited. | Ref: 5 |
- 1860
| Feb 01 | First rabbi to open House of Representatives, Morris Raphall of New York NY. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 11 | First Jewish wedding in Buenos Aires Argentina. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 11 | First Jewish wedding in Buenos Aires Argentina. | Ref: 5 |
- 1862
| Nov 09 | US Grant issues orders to bar Jews from serving under him during the American Civil War. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 17 | General US Grant issues order #11, expelling Jews from Tennessee. | Ref: 5 |
- 1864
| Dec 04 | Romanian Jews are forbidden to practice law. | Ref: 5 |
- 1866
| Mar 29 | Menachem Mendel of Lubavitch Rabbi/Chassidic leader, dies. | Ref: 5 |
- 1871
| Apr 16 | German Empire ends all anti-Jewish civil restrictions. | Ref: 5 |
- 1873
| May 23 | Leo Baeck, rabbi/president (World Union for Progressive Judaism), is born. | Ref: 5 |
- 1874
| Nov 09 | Israel Bak created first hebrew printing press, dies. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 27 | Chaim Weizmann, the Zionist leader instrumental in establishing Israel as a national home for Jews and first president of the state of Israel, is born. | Ref: 70 |
- 1875
| Feb 13 | Zacharias Frankel, Bohemian rabbi and theologian; founded Conservative Judaism, dies at age 73. | Ref: 70 |
- 1881
| Apr 01 | Anti-Jewish riots in Jerusalem. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 25 | 250,000 Germans petition to bar foreign Jews from entering Germany. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 27 | Pogroms against Russian Jews start in Elisabethgrad. | Ref: 5 |
| May 05 | Anit-Jewish rioting in Kiev Ukraine. | Ref: 5 |
- 1882
| Apr 13 | Anti-Semitic League forms in Prussia. | Ref: 5 |
| May 15 | May Laws-Czar Alexander III bans Jews from living in rural Romania. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 10 | First international conference to promote anti-semitism meets in Dresden Germany (Congress for Safeguarding of Non-Jewish Interests). | Ref: 5 |
- 1886
| Oct 10 | David L Yule first Jewish US senator, dies. | Ref: 5 |
- 1887
| Mar 24 | Oscar Straus appointed first Jewish ambassador from US (to Turkey). | Ref: 5 |
- 1889
| May 12 | Otto Frank father of Anne Frank, is born. | Ref: 5 |
- 1890
| Mar 21 | Austrian Jewish communities are defined by law. | Ref: 5 |
- 1891
| Apr 11 | 8 year old Jewish tailor's daughter disappears in Greece, rumour spreads that she was a Christian girl ritually killed by Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 23 | Jews are expelled from Moscow Russia. | Ref: 5 |
- 1892
| Dec 18 | Rabbi H. Rosenberg was expelled from Temple Beth-Jacob in Brooklyn, NY, for eating pork. | Ref: 5 |
- 1896
| Apr 19 | Herzl's "The Jewish State" is published. | Ref: 5 |
- 1897
| Mar 20 | First US orthodox Jewish Rabbinical seminary (RIETS) incorporates in New York. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 22 | In New York City, the world's largest Jewish daily newspaper, "The Forward," was first published. Abraham Cahan, 43, one of its founders, became editor of the paper in 1903, remaining until his death in 1951. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 29 | Star of David becomes official Jewish people's emblem. | Ref: 10 |
| Dec 12 | Anti-Jewish violence breaks out in Bucharest Romania. | Ref: 5 |
- 1898
| Oct 01 | Jews are expelled from Kiev Russia. | Ref: 5 |
- 1900
| Mar 26 | Isaac Mayer Wise, Bohemian-born American rabbi; organized Reform Jewish institutions in the US, dies at age 80. | Ref: 70 |
| Sep 19 | (Dreyfus) President Loubet of France pardons Jewish army captain Alfred Dreyfus, twice court-martialed and wrongly convicted of spying for Germany. | Ref: 2 |
- 1901
| Apr 29 | Anti semitic riot in Budapest. | Ref: 5 |
| Jun 24 | Jewish National Fund starts | Ref: 5 |
- 1902
| Feb 06 | Young Women's Hebrew Association organized in New York NY. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 14 | Menachem A Schneerson rebel (head of Lubavitcher Jews), is born. | Ref: 5 |
- 1905
| May 26 | A pogrom against Jews in Minsk Belorussia. | Ref: 5 |
| May 29 | Pogrom against Jewish community in Brisk Lithuania. | Ref: 5 |
- 1908
| Dec 31 | Simon Wiesenthal, a Polish/Austrian survivor of the Nazi Holocaust who dedicated his life to tracking down former Nazis, is born. | Ref: 2 |
- 1912
| Feb 24 | The Jewish organization Hadassah is founded in New York City. | Ref: 2 |
| Dec 28 | National Council of Young Israel convenes. | Ref: 5 |
- 1913
| Dec 12 | Hebrew language officially used to teach in Palestinian schools. | Ref: 5 |
- 1914
| Aug 11 | Jews are expelled from Mitchenick Poland. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 17 | Jews are expelled from Tel Aviv by Turkish authorities. | Ref: 5 |
- 1915
| Jan 01 | Jews of Laibach Austria expelled. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 04 | Moses Alexander becomes governor of Idaho. He is the first practicing Jew to become a govenor in the US. (XDG, p 4A, 1/4/2001) | Ref: 83 |
| Mar 02 | Vladmir Jabotinsky forms a Jewish military force to fight in Palestine. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 17 | Mob lynches Jewish businessman Leo Frank in Cobb County, Ga after death sentence for murder of 13-year-old girl commuted to life. | Ref: 5 |
- 1916
| Feb 16 | Under the leadership of Henrietta Szold, 52, the Hadassah Study Circle at New York's Temple Emanuel reconstituted itself. Szold afterward made this sisterhood of U.S. Jewish women a nationwide Zionist organization. Szold herself headed the group until 1926. | Ref: 5 |
- 1917
| Feb 16 | First synagogue in 425 years opens in Madrid. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 28 | Jews are expelled from Tel Aviv & Jaffa by Turkish authorities | Ref: 5 |
| May 20 | Turkish Government authorizes Jews to return to Tel Aviv & Jaffa. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 02 | British foreign secretary Arthur J. Balfour, 69, issued the Balfour Declaration, calling for "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people." The document's recognition of a Jewish nationalism planted the seed which in 1948 led to an establishment of the modern state of Israel. | Ref: 5 |
- 1918
| Mar 09 | Ukrainian mobs massacre Jews of Seredino Buda. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 13 | American Red Magen David (Jewish Red Cross) forms. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 15 | American Jewish Congress holds it's first meeting. | Ref: 5 |
- 1919
| Apr 05 | Polish Army executes 35 young Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 10 | Ukranian National Army massacres 25 Jews in Podolia Ukrane | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 31 | Petlyura's Ukranian Army kills 35 members of a Jewish defense group. | Ref: 5 |
- 1920
| Apr 04 | Arabs attack Jews in Jerusalem. | Ref: 5 |
- 1921
| May 11 | Tel Aviv is first all Jewish municipality. | Ref: 5 |
- 1922
| Mar 18 | Judith Kaplan, daughter of Reconstructivist Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan, has first Bat Mitzvah ceremony. | Ref: 10 |
| Jun 24 | Dr Walter Rathenau, German foreign minister is killed by anti-semites at age 54. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 21 | Pres Warren G Harding signs a joint resolution of approval to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. | Ref: 5 |
- 1926
| Dec 27 | Latkin Square in Bronx named for first US Jewish soldier to die in WWI. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 28 | Latkin Square in Bronx named for first US Jewish soldier to die in WWI. | Ref: 5 |
- 1929
| Jun 12 | Anne Frank, victim of the Holocaust, whose World War II diary was so famous, was born | Ref: 5 |
- 1930
| Oct 20 | British White Paper restricts Jews from buying Arab land. | Ref: 5 |
- 1932
| Jan 25 | First commencement exercises at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. | Ref: 5 |
- 1933
| Mar 28 | Nazis order a ban on all Jews in businesses, professions and schools. | Ref: 2 |
| Apr 01 | Nazi Germany began persecuting Jews with a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 07 | First 2 Nazi anti-Jewish laws, bar Jews from legal & public service. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 11 | Nazis issue a decree defining a non-Aryan as "anyone descended from non-Aryan, especially Jewish, parents or grandparents. One parent or grandparent classifies the descendant as non-Aryan...especially if one parent or grandparent was of the Jewish faith." | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 26 | Jewish students are barred from school in Germany. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 29 | Nazis prohibit Jews from owning land. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 04 | In Germany, Jews are prohibited from being newspaper editors. | Ref: 35 |
- 1934
| Jan 24 | Jews are banned from the German Labor Front. | Ref: 35 |
| Feb 10 | First Jewish immigrant ship to break the English blockade in Palestine. | Ref: 5 |
| May 07 | Part of Khabarovsk becomes a Jewish Autonomous Region. | Ref: 5 |
| May 17 | Jews not allowed national health insurance. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 22 | Jews are prohibited from getting legal qualifications. | Ref: 35 |
- 1935
| May 21 | Nazis ban Jews from serving in the military. | Ref: 35 |
| Aug 06 | Nazis force Jewish performers/artists to join Jewish Cultural Unions. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 15 | Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews of citizenship & makes the swastika the official symbol of Nazi Germany. | Ref: 5 |
- 1936
| Jan 02 | In Berlin, Nazi officials claim that their treatment of Jews is not the business of the League of Nations. | Ref: 2 |
| Mar 09 | The German press warns that all Jews who vote in the upcoming elections will be arrested. | Ref: 2 |
| Apr 19 | Anti-Jewish riots break out in Palestine. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 20 | Jews repel an Arab attack in Petach Tikvah Palestine. | Ref: 5 |
- 1937
| Nov 08 | 'Eternal Jew' travelling exhibition opens in Munich. | Ref: 35 |
- 1938
| Mar 26 | Herman Goering warns all Jews to leave Austria. | Ref: 2 |
| Apr 05 | Anti-Jewish riots break out in Dabrowa Poland. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 22 | Nazis prohibit Aryan 'front-ownership' of Jewish businesses. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 26 | Nazis order Jews to register wealth and property. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 26 | Austrian Jews required to register property above 5,000 Reichsmarks. | Ref: 5 |
| Jun 14 | Nazis order Jewish owned businesses to register. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 06 | Nazis prohibited Jews from trading and providing a variety of specified commercial services. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 22 | The Third Reich issues special identity cards for Jewish Germans. | Ref: 2 |
| Jul 23 | Nazis order Jews over age 15 to apply for identity cards from the police, to be shown on demand to any police officer. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 25 | Jewish doctors prohibited by law from practicing medicine. | Ref: 35 |
| Aug 11 | Nazis destroy the synagogue in Nuremberg. | Ref: 35 |
| Aug 17 | Nazis require Jewish women to add Sarah and men to add Israel to their names on all legal documents including passports. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 27 | In Germany, Jews are prohibited from all legal practices. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 05 | In Germany, law requires Jewish passports to be stamped with a large red "J." | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 07 | Germany demands all Jewish passports stamped with the letter J. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 20 | Czechoslovakia, complying with Nazi policy, outlaws the Communist Party and begins persecuting Jews. | Ref: 2 |
| Oct 28 | Nazis arrest 17,000 Jews of Polish nationality living in Germany, then expel them back to Poland which refuses them entry, leaving them in 'no-man's land' near the Polish border for several months. | Ref: 35 |
| Nov 07 | Ernst vom Rath, third secretary in the German Embassy in Paris, is shot and mortally wounded by Herschel Grynszpan, the 17 year old son of one of the deported Polish Jews. Rath dies on November 9, precipitating Kristallnacht. | Ref: 35 |
| Nov 09 | (and 10th) Kristallnacht - The Night of Broken Glass: On this night and into the wee hours of the next morning, glass store and house windows were smashed throughout Jewish neighborhoods in Germany. Thousands of books -- volumes of history, philosophy, poetry and religion -- fueled bonfires throughout the ghettoes. Synagogues and the Torah scrolls inside them were burned to the ground. 91 Jews were killed and over 30,000 arrested. It was Kristallnacht (Crystal Night), a sign of the unconscionable, and unforgivable death and destruction soon to come at the hands of the Nazis. | Ref: 4 |
| Nov 10 | Fascist Italy enacts anti-Semitic legislation. | Ref: 2 |
| Nov 12 | Nazis fine Jews one billion marks for damages related to Kristallnacht. | Ref: 35 |
| Nov 12 | Hermann Goering announces he wants Madagascar as a Jewish homeland. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 15 | Jewish pupils are expelled from all non-Jewish German schools. | Ref: 35 |
| Nov 17 | Italy passes their own version of the anti-Jewish Nuremberg laws. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 20 | First documented anti-Semitic remarks over US radio (by Father Coughlin). | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 03 | Law for compulsory Aryanization of all Jewish businesses. | Ref: 35 |
| Dec 14 | Hermann Göring takes charge of resolving the "Jewish Question." | Ref: 35 |
| Dec 15 | Washington sends its fourth note to Berlin demanding amnesty for Jews. | Ref: 2 |
- 1939
| Jan 04 | Hermann Goering appoints Reinhard Heydrich head of Jewish Emigration. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 17 | The Reich issues an order forbidding Jews to practice as dentists, veterinarians and chemists. | Ref: 2 |
| Jan 20 | Hitler proclaims to German parliament to exterminate all European Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 24 | SS leader Reinhard Heydrich is ordered by Göring to speed up emigration of Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Jan 30 | Hitler addresses the Reishstag, saying that if Jews lead the world into war, it would cause the destruction of Jews in Europe. | Ref: 35 |
| Feb 21 | Nazis force Jews to hand over all gold and silver items. | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 20 | 7,000 Jews flee German occupied Memel Lithuania. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 10 | Colijn's Dutch government opens camp Westerbork for German Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 19 | Slovakia passes its own version of the Nuremberg Laws. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 30 | Jews lose rights as tenants and are relocated into Jewish houses. | Ref: 35 |
| May 03 | Drastic anti-Jewish laws are introduced in Hungary. | Ref: 17 |
| May 13 | The German ship St. Louis carrying 930 Jewish refugees from Hamburg in Nazi Germany to Cuba. All refugee passengers had legitimate landing certificates for Cuba. Only 27 were permitted entry. Ref | |
| May 27 | The German ship St. Louis is refused entry in Cuba even though all its refugees had legitimate landing certificates. Ref | |
| Jun 04 | The SS "St. Louis," carrying more than 900 Jewish refugees from Germany, was turned away from the Florida coast. | Ref: 6 |
| Jul 04 | German Jews denied the right to hold government jobs. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 21 | Adolf Eichmann is appointed director of the Prague Office of Jewish Emigration. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 01 | Jews in Germany are forbidden to be outdoors after 8 p.m. in winter and 9 p.m. in summer. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 21 | Heydrich issues instructions to SS Einsatzgruppen (special action squads) in Poland regarding treatment of Jews, stating they are to be gathered into ghettos near railroads for the future "final goal." He also orders a census and the establishment of Jewish administrative councils within the ghettos to implement Nazi policies and decrees. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 23 | German Jews are forbidden to own wireless (radio) sets. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 06 | Proclamation by Hitler on the isolation of Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 12 | Evacuation of Jews from Vienna. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 12 | Hans Frank appointed Nazi Gauleiter (governor) of Poland. | |
| Oct 26 | Forced labor decree issued for Polish Jews aged 14 to 60. | Ref: 35 |
| Nov 12 | Jews of Lodz Poland are ordered to wear yellow armbands. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 15 | Nazis begin the mass murder of Warsaw Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 23 | Yellow stars required to be worn by Polish Jews over age 10. | Ref: 35 |
| Dec 01 | SS-Führer Himmler begins deportation of Polish Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 11 | New anti Jewish measurements in Poland, proclaimed. | Ref: 5 |
- 1940
| Jan 25 | Nazi decrees the establishment of Jewish ghetto in Lodz Poland. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 26 | Nazis forbid Polish Jews to travel on trains. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 12 | First deportation of German Jews into occupied Poland. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 20 | The Lodz Ghetto in occupied Poland is sealed off from the outside world with 230,000 Jews locked inside. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 30 | The Lodz Ghetto in occupied Poland is sealed off from the outside world with 230,000 Jews locked inside. | Ref: 35 |
| May 01 | 140 Palestinian Jews die as German planes bomb their ship. | Ref: 5 |
| May 21 | AVRO-chairman Willem Vogt fires all Jewish employees. | Ref: 5 |
| Jul 17 | The first anti-Jewish measures are taken in Vichy France. | Ref: 35 |
| Aug 08 | Romania introduces anti-Jewish measures restricting education and employment, then later begins "Romanianization" of Jewish businesses. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 19 | Nazi decree forbids gentile women to work in Jewish homes. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 03 | Vichy France passes its own version of the Nuremberg Laws. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 16 | Warsaw Ghetto established. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 22 | Deportation of 29,000 German Jews from Baden, the Saar, and Alsace-Lorraine into Vichy France. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 31 | Deadline for Warsaw Jews to move into the Warsaw Ghetto. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 15 | The Warsaw Ghetto, containing over 400,000 Jews, is sealed off. | Ref: 35 |
| Nov 26 | The half-million Jews of Warsaw, Poland, were forced by the Nazis to live within a walled ghetto. | Ref: 70 |
| Dec 09 | Illegal Jewish immigrants to Haifa are deported to Mauritius. | Ref: 5 |
- 1941
| Jan 09 | 6,000 Jews exterminated in pogrom in Bucharest Romania. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 10 | Seyss-Inquart begins registration of Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 21 | First anti-Jewish measures in Bulgaria. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 22 | First mass killing of Jews in Romania. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 09 | Nazi collaborators destroy pro-Jewish café Alcazar Amsterdam (Alcazar refused to hang "No Entry for Jews" signs in front of cafe). | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 09 | 6,000 Jews exterminated in pogrom in Bucharest Romania. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 12 | Jewish Council for Amsterdam forms, under Ascher/Cohen. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 12 | Occupation Police arrest "Jewish Foursome". | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 13 | Nazi leaders attack Dutch Jewish Council. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 19 | Nazis raid Koco Amsterdam & round up 429 young Jews for deportation. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 20 | Nazis order Polish Jews barred from using public transportation. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 20 | First transport of Jews to concentration camps leave Plotsk Poland. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 22 | 430 Jewish hostages are deported from Amsterdam after a Dutch Nazi is killed by Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Feb 22 | I G Farben decides building Buna-Werke in Auschwitz Concentration Camp. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 25 | February strike against persecution of Jews, in Amsterdam. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 26 | Utrecht & Zaandam strike against raid on Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 07 | German Jews ordered into forced labor. | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 14 | Nazi occupiers of Holland forbid Jewish owned companies. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 29 | A 'Commissariat' for Jewish Affairs is set up in Vichy France. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 01 | Nazi's forbid Jews access to cafés. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 11 | Jewish Weekly newspaper taken control by Nazi's. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 11 | Nazi occupiers in Netherlands confiscate Jewish assets. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 14 | First massive German raid in Paris France, 3,600 Jews rounded up. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 19 | Robert F. Wagner, Sr. introduced a resolution in the U.S. Senate stating that U.S. policy should favor the "restoration of the Jews in Palestine." The resolution was supported by 68 Senators. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 30 | Spread of Judaism begins in Croatia. | Ref: 5 |
| May 02 | Nazi occupied Netherlands layoff Jewish journalists. | Ref: 5 |
| May 14 | 3,600 Jews arrested in Paris. | Ref: 35 |
| May 15 | Nazi occupiers in Netherlands forbid Jewish music. | Ref: 5 |
| May 18 | Jewish veterans honor their dead. | Ref: 5 |
| May 30 | First anti semitic measures in Serbia. | Ref: 5 |
| May 31 | German occupiers forbids Jews access to beach & swimming pools. | Ref: 5 |
| Jun 29 | (and 30th) Romanian troops conduct a pogrom against Jews in the town of Jassy, killing 10,000. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 10 | As many as 1600 Jews are said to have been beaten to death or burned alive in a barn in the Polish village of Jedwabne. Prosecutor Radoslaw Ignatiew says that evidence indicates that the murders were performed by Poles, not by Nazis as previously thought. (USA Today, 7/10/2002, p 4A) | Ref: 13 |
| Jul 25 | (and 26th) 3,800 Jews killed during a pogrom by Lithuanians in Kovno. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 31 | Göring instructs Heydrich to prepare for Final Solution. | Ref: 35 |
| Aug 02 | Jews are expelled from Hungarian Ruthenia. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 07 | 551 Jews are shot in Kishnev ghetto in Romania. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 26 | The Hungarian Army rounds up 18,000 Jews at Kamenets-Podolsk. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 01 | German Jews ordered to wear yellow stars. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 03 | The first experimental use of Zyklon-B in the gas chambers is tried at Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 06 | Jews aged 7 and up in German-occupied areas were ordered to wear yellow Stars of David. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 06 | The Vilna Ghetto is established containing 40,000 Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 08 | The entire Jewish community of Meretsch, Lithuania is exterminated. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 15 | Nazis kill 800 Jewish women at Shkudvil Lithuania. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 17 | Beginning of general deportation of German Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 27 | (and 28th) 23,000 Jews killed at Kamenets-Podolsk, in the Ukraine. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 29 | 30,000 Jews are gunned down in Kiev when Henrich Himmler sends four strike squads to exterminate Soviet Jewish civilians and other "undesirables." | Ref: 2 |
| Sep 30 | 3,721 Jews are buried alive at Babi Yar ravine (near Kiev) Ukraine. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 15 | Jews caught outside the Polish Ghetto walls could be put to death. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 23 | Nazis forbid emigration of Jews from the Reich. | Ref: 35 |
| Nov 29 | In Germany, Heydrich sends out invitations to a conference in Wannsee, to formulate a plan to deal with Jews. | |
| Nov 30 | Near Riga, a mass shooting of Latvian and German Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Dec 04 | Nazi ordinances places Jews of Poland outside protection of courts. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 08 | In occupied Poland, near Lodz, Chelmno extermination camp becomes operational. Jews taken there are placed in mobile gas vans and driven to a burial place while carbon monoxide from the engine exhaust is fed into the sealed rear compartment, killing them. The first gassing victims include 5,000 Gypsies who had been deported from the Reich to Lodz. | Ref: 35 |
| Dec 10 | Hitler addresses about 50 leading Nazis in the chancellery, telling them that the time had come to annihilate the Jews in Europe. | |
| Dec 12 | German occupying army do a house search in Paris looking for Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 12 | The ship "Struma" leaves Romania for Palestine carrying 769 Jews but is later denied permission by British authorities to allow the passengers to disembark. In February of 1942, it sails back into the Black Sea where it is intercepted by a Soviet submarine and sunk as an "enemy target." | Ref: 35 |
| Dec 16 | During a cabinet meeting, Hans Frank, Gauleiter of Poland, states - "Gentlemen, I must ask you to rid yourselves of all feeling of pity. We must annihilate the Jews wherever we find them and wherever it is possible in order to maintain there the structure of the Reich as a whole..." | Ref: 35 |
- 1942
| Jan 31 | SS Einsatzgruppe A reports a tally of 229,052 Jews killed. | Ref: 35 |
| Feb 27 | First transport of French Jews to Nazi-Germany. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 01 | Suriname camp for NSB people opens to save Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 11 | First deportation train leaves Paris France for Auschewitz Concentration Camp. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 17 | Belzec Concentration Camp opens-30,000 Lublin Polish Jews transported. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 23 | 2,500 Jews of Lublin massacred or deported. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 24 | The start of deportation of Slovak Jews to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 25 | 700 Jews of Polish Lvov-district reach Belzec Concentration camp. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 26 | The first "Eichmann transport" of Jews to Auschwitz & Birkenau Camps. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 26 | The first 700 Jews from Polish Lvov-district reach concentration camp Belzec. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 27 | The start of deportation of French Jews to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 30 | First trainloads of Jews from Paris arrive at Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 30 | First RSHA-transport from France arrives in camp Birkenau. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 14 | Detroit radio priest, Father Charles E. Coughlin was censured for anti-Semitism. Coughlin's broadcasts had railed against "godless capitalists, the Jews, the Communists, international bankers and plutocrats." | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 20 | German Jews are banned from using public transportation. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 27 | Belgium Jews are forced to wear stars. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 29 | Jews forced to wear a Jewish Star in Netherlands & Vichy-France. | Ref: 5 |
| May 01 | Radio Orange calls to defy order to wear "Jewish star". | Ref: 5 |
| May 03 | Nazis require Dutch Jews to wear a Jewish star. | Ref: 4 |
| May 07 | Nazi decree orders all Jewish pregnant women of Kovno Ghetto executed. | Ref: 5 |
| May 12 | David Ben-Gurion leaves Jewish state in Palestine. | Ref: 5 |
| May 12 | 1,500 Jews gassed in Auschwitz. | Ref: 5 |
| May 18 | The New York Times reports on an inside page that Nazis have machine-gunned over 100,000 Jews in the Baltic states, 100,000 in Poland and twice as many in western Russia. | Ref: 35 |
| May 26 | Belgian Jews are required by Nazis to wear a Jewish star. | Ref: 5 |
| Jun 01 | Jews in France, Holland, Belgium, Croatia, Slovakia, Romania ordered to wear yellow stars. | Ref: 35 |
| Jun 11 | Eichmann meets with representatives from France, Belgium and Holland to coordinate deportation plans for Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Jun 30 | At Auschwitz, a second gas chamber, Bunker II (the white farmhouse), is made operational at Birkenau due to the number of Jews arriving. | Ref: 35 |
| Jun 30 | (and 0702) - The New York Times reports via the London Daily Telegraph that over 1,000,000 Jews have already been killed by Nazis. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 02 | Jews from Berlin sent to Theresienstadt. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 14 | Beginning of deportation of Dutch Jews to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 16 | (and 17th) 12,887 Jews of Paris are rounded up and sent to Drancy Internment Camp located outside the city. A total of approximately 74,000 Jews, including 11,000 children, will eventually be transported from Drancy to Auschwitz, Majdanek and Sobibor. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 19 | Himmler orders Operation Reinhard, mass deportations of Jews in Poland to extermination camps. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 19 | Anne Frank and her family go into hiding in the attic above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse. | Ref: 2 |
| Jul 22 | Beginning of deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto to the new extermination camp, Treblinka. Also, beginning of the deportation of Belgian Jews to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 23 | Treblinka extermination camp opened in occupied Poland, east of Warsaw. The camp is fitted with two buildings containing 10 gas chambers, each holding 200 persons. Carbon monoxide gas is piped in from engines placed outside the chamber, but Zyklon-B will later be substituted. Bodies are burned in open pits. | Ref: 35 |
| Jul 28 | Nazis liquidate 10,000 Jews in Minsk Russia. | Ref: 5 |
| Jul 30 | German SS kills 25,000 Jews in Minsk, Belorussia. | Ref: 5 |
| Jul 31 | German SS gases 1,000 Jews in Minsk, Belorussia. | Ref: 5 |
| Aug 26 | (through the 28th) 7,000 Jews arrested in unoccupied France. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 18 | Reduction of food rations for Jews in Germany. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 26 | SS begins cashing in possessions and valuables of Jews from Auschwitz and Majdanek. German banknotes are sent to the Reichs Bank. Foreign currency, gold, jewels and other valuables are sent to SS Headquarters of the Economic Administration. Watches, clocks and pens are distributed to troops at the front. Clothing is distributed to German families. By February of 1943, over 800 boxcars of confiscated goods will have left Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 05 | Himmler orders all Jews in concentration camps in Germany to be sent to Auschwitz and Majdanek. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 14 | Mass killing of Jews from Mizocz Ghetto in the Ukraine. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 22 | SS put down a revolt at Sachsenhausen by a group of Jews about to be sent to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 25 | Deportations of Jews from Norway to Auschwitz begin. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 29 | 16,000 Jews killed in Pinsk Russia. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 10 | The first transport of Jews from Germany arrives at Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
- 1943
| Jan 14 | Italian occupation authorities refuse to deport Jews living in their territories in France. | Ref: 2 |
| Jan 15 | First transport of Jews from Amsterdam to concentration camp Vught. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 18 | First resistance by Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. | Ref: 35 |
| Jan 24 | Jewish patients/nurses/doctors incinerated at Auschwitz-Birkenau. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 11 | Transport nr 47 departs with French Jews to Nazi-Germany. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 17 | Dutch churches protest at Seyss-Inquart against persecution of Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 21 | Dutch Roman Catholic bishops protest against persecution of Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 27 | Jews working in Berlin armaments industry are sent to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 01 | In New York, American Jews hold a mass rally at Madison Square Garden to pressure the U.S. government into helping the Jews of Europe | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 01 | Jewish old age home for disabled in Amsterdam raided. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 02 | First transport from Westerbork Netherlands to Sobibor concentration camp. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 04 | Transport nr 50 departs with French Jews to Maidanek/Sobibor. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 09 | Greek Jews of Salonika are transported to Nazi extermination camps. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 14 | The Krakow Ghetto is liquidated. | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 17 | Bulgaria states opposition to deportation of its Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 22 | Newly built gas chamber/crematory IV opens at Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 22 | SS police chief Rauter threatens to kill half Jewish children. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 31 | Newly built gas chamber/crematory II opens at Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 04 | Newly built gas chamber/crematory V opens at Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 10 | 12 Jewish patients of Herren Loo-Lozenoord escape Nazi's. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 19 | Jews attack Nazi occupation forces at Warsaw Ghetto under Mordechai Anielewicz. | Ref: 5 |
| May 08 | Mordicai Anielewicz commander of Warsaw ghetto uprising, killed | Ref: 2 |
| May 15 | Warsaw ghetto uprising ends, in it's destruction. | Ref: 5 |
| May 16 | Jewish resistance in the Warsaw ghetto ends after 30 days of fighting, Nazis dynamite Tlomackie Synagogue. | Ref: 5 |
| May 16 | German troops destroy synagogue of Warsaw. | Ref: 5 |
| May 19 | Nazis declare Berlin to be Judenfrei (cleansed of Jews). | Ref: 35 |
| May 26 | Jews riot against Germany in Amsterdam. | Ref: 5 |
| Jun 11 | Himmler orders liquidation of all Jewish ghettos in occupied Poland. | Ref: 35 |
| Aug 02 | Two hundred Jews escape from Treblinka extermination camp during a revolt. Nazis then hunt them down one by one. | Ref: 35 |
| Aug 18 | Final convoy of Jews from Salonika Greece arrive at Auschwitz. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 11 | Beginning of Jewish family transports from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 04 | Himmler talks openly about the Final Solution at Posen. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 14 | Massive escape from Sobibor as Jews and Soviet POWs break out, with 300 making it safely into nearby woods. Of those 300, fifty will survive. Exterminations then cease at Sobibor, after over 250,000 deaths. All traces of the death camp are then removed and trees are planted. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 16 | Jews in Rome rounded up, with over 1,000 sent to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Nov 03 | Nazis carry out Operation Harvest Festival in occupied Poland, killing 42,000 Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Nov 04 | Quote from Nazi newspaper, Der Stürmer, published by Julius Streicher - "It is actually true that the Jews have, so to speak, disappeared from Europe and that the Jewish 'Reservoir of the East' from which the Jewish pestilence has for centuries beset the peoples of Europe has ceased to exist. But the Führer of the German people at the beginning of the war prophesied what has now come to pass." | Ref: 35 |
| Dec 02 | The first transport of Jews from Vienna arrives at Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Dec 02 | First RSHA transport out of Vienna reaches Birkenau camp. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 17 | Transport 63 departs with French Jews to Nazi-Germany. | Ref: 5 |
- 1944
| Jan 24 | In response to political pressure to help Jews under Nazi control, Roosevelt creates the War Refugee Board. | Ref: 35 |
| Jan 25 | Diary entry by Hans Frank, Gauleiter of Poland, concerning the fate of 2.5 million Jews originally under his jurisdiction - "At the present time we still have in the General Government perhaps 100,000 Jews." | Ref: 35 |
| Mar 24 | The Zionist Relief and Rescue Committee proposes to Dieter Wisliceng, an aide of Eichmann, a US$2 million ransom with US$200,000 down payment to guarantee that Hungarian Jews would not be deported or forced into ghettos. | Ref: 2 |
| Mar 27 | Children's Aktion. Nazis collect all the Jewish children of Lovno. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 27 | One thousand Jews leave Drancy, France for the Auschwitz concentration camp. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 27 | Thousands of Jews are murdered in Kaunas, Lithuania. The Gestapo shoots forty Jewish policemen in the Riga, Latvia ghetto. | Ref: 2 |
| Mar 27 | 40 Jewish policemen in Riga Latvia ghetto are shot by the gestapo. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 28 | Rabbi Chayyim Most Maggid of Kovono, killed by Nazis. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 05 | A Jewish inmate, Siegfried Lederer, escapes from Auschwitz-Birkenau and makes it safely to Czechoslovakia. He then warns the Elders of the Council at Theresienstadt about Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 06 | Jewish nursery at Izieu-Ain France overrun by Nazi's. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 07 | Two Jewish inmates escape from Auschwitz-Birkenau and make it safely to Czechoslovakia. One of them, Rudolf Vrba, submits a report to the Papal Nuncio in Slovakia, which is forwarded to the Vatican, received there in mid-June. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 13 | Transport nr 71 departs with French Jews to Nazi-Germany. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 14 | First transports of Jews from Athens to Auschwitz, totaling 5,200 persons. | Ref: 35 |
| May 15 | Beginning of deportation of 14,000 Jews from Munkacs, Hungary to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| May 16 | In Germany, Eichmann gives Joel Brand of the Zionist Relief and Rescue Committee a ransom demand to convey to British and American governments: 1 million European Jews would be released in exchange for food and 10,000 trucks for use on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Union. | Ref: 35 |
| May 16 | First of 180,000+ Hungarian Jews arrive at Auschwitz. Eichmann arrives to personally oversee and speed up the extermination process. By May 24, an estimated 100,000 have been gassed. Between May 16 and May 31, the SS report collecting 88 pounds of gold and white metal from the teeth of those gassed. By the end of April, 381,661 persons - half of the Jews in Hungary - arrive at Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Aug 03 | 13-year-old Anne Frank made the last entry in her diary; a diary she had kept for two years while hiding with her family to escape Nazi deportation to a concentration camp. Three days later the Grune Polizei raided the secret annex in Amsterdam, Holland, where the Jewish family was in hiding. Anne died in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp at age 15. | Ref: 4 |
| Aug 04 | Anne Frank and family are arrested by the Gestapo in Amsterdam, then sent to Auschwitz. Anne and her sister Margot are later sent to Bergen-Belsen. | Ref: 35 |
| Aug 06 | The last Jewish ghetto in Poland, Lodz, is liquidated with 60,000 Jews sent to Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Sep 02 | Anne Frank (Diary of Anne Frank), is sent to Auschwitz. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 21 | Heydrich issues instructions to SS Einsatzgruppen (special action squads) in Poland regarding treatment of Jews, stating they are to be gathered into ghettos near railroads for the future "final goal." He also orders a census and the establishment of Jewish administrative councils within the ghettos to implement Nazi policies and decrees. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 07 | A revolt by Sonderkommando (Jewish slave laborers) at Auschwitz-Birkenau results in complete destruction of Crematory IV. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 15 | Nazis seize control of the Hungarian puppet government, then resume deporting Jews, which had temporarily ceased due to international political pressure to stop Jewish persecutions. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 28 | The last transport of Jews to be gassed, 2,000 from Theresienstadt, arrives at Auschwitz. | Ref: 35 |
| Oct 30 | Anne Frank (of Diary fame) is deported from Auschwitz to Belsen. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 06 | Hannah Senesh Jewish poetess, executed by Nazis in Budapest. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 08 | Nazis force 25,000 Jews to walk over 100 miles in rain and snow from Budapest to the Austrian border, followed by a second forced march of 50,000 persons, ending at Mauthausen. | Ref: 35 |
| Dec 03 | Hungarian death march of Jews ends. | Ref: 5 |
- 1945
| Jan 06 | Soviets liberate Budapest, freeing over 80,000 Jews. | Ref: 35 |
| Jan 17 | Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, credited with saving tens of thousands of Jews, disappeared in Hungary while in Soviet custody | Ref: 70 |
| Jan 27 | Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz. By this time, an estimated 2,000,000 persons, including 1,500,000 Jews, have been murdered there. | Ref: 35 |
| Feb 12 | Henrietta Szold founder (Hadassah, Youth Aliyah), dies. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 15 | (date uncertain) Anne Frank dies of typhus at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp at age 15. | Ref: 35 |
| Apr 20 | In Berlin, Germany, Himmler meets with two Swedish diplomats, and suggests that the time had come for Jews and Germans to "bury the hatchet". Himmler says that absolute secrecy must be used in the liberation of any Jews. | |
| Apr 20 | A Gestapo reign of terror results in the hanging of 20 Russian prisoners of war and 20 Jewish children: Of these, at least nine are under the age of 12. | Ref: 3 |
| Aug 25 | Jewish immigrants are permitted to leave Mauritius for Palestine. | Ref: 5 |
- 1946
| Jun 29 | The British arrest more than 2700 Jews in Palestine in an attempt to stamp out alleged terrorism. (XDG, p. 4A, 6/29/2000) | Ref: 83 |
- 1947
| Feb 23 | General Eisenhower opens drive to raise $170 million in aid for European Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 01 | First Jewish immigrants to Israel disembark at Port of Eilat. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 29 | Ship carrying Jewish immigrants driven away from Palestine. | Ref: 5 |
- 1948
| Jan 16 | 35 Haganah members are ambushed & killed in Gush Etzyon. | Ref: 5 |
| Mar 11 | Jewish Agency of Jerusalem bombed. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 10 | Jewish Hagana repells an Arab attack on Mishmar HaEmek. | Ref: 5 |
| May 12 | The state of Israel and its provisional government were established. Palestinian Jews celebrated their independence from British mandatory rule. | Ref: 4 |
| May 14 | After nineteen centuries of enforced exile, the Jewish people regained their homeland when the State of Israel was formally proclaimed in Tel Aviv. On this same date, the U.S. became the first world nation to recognize the newly-refounded state of Israel. | Ref: 5 |
| May 16 | Israel issues its first postage stamps. | Ref: 5 |
| May 16 | Chaim Weizmann elected first President of Israel. | Ref: 5 |
| May 17 | The Soviet Union recognized the new state of Israel. | Ref: 5 |
| May 17 | Israel liberates Acre, Nebi Yusha & Telel-Kadi. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 28 | Flag of Israel is adopted. | Ref: 5 |
- 1949
| Sep 29 | (and 30th) SS Einsatzgruppen murder 33,771 Jews at Babi Yar near Kiev. | Ref: 35 |
- 1950
| Jan 08 | Joseph Issac Shneerson Jewish Lubavitch Chabal leader, dies. | Ref: 5 |
| Jul 05 | Law of Return passes, guarantees all Jews right to live in Israel. | Ref: 5 |
- 1951
| Jan 26 | The Temple Beth Israel of Meridian, Miss. became the first Jewish congregation to allow women to perform the functions of a rabbi. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 12 | Israeli Knesset officially designates April 13 as Holocaust Day. | Ref: 5 |
- 1952
| Sep 11 | West German Chancellor Adenauer signs a reparation pact for Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 22 | The complete Jewish Torah was published in English for the first time. A collection of oral and written commentary (dating 200 BC to AD 500) on the first five books of the Old Testament, the Torah comprises the basic religious code of Judaism. | Ref: 5 |
- 1954
| Sep 15 | Betty Robbins (Mrs. Sheldon Robbins) became the first woman cantor ... at services held at Temple Avodah in Oceanside, Long Island, NY. | Ref: 4 |
- 1956
| Oct 28 | Israel captures Egyptian militay post at El-Thamad. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 02 | Leo Baeck, rabbi/president (World Union for Progressive Judaism), dies at age 83. | Ref: 70 |
| Nov 04 | Israel captures Straits of Tiran from Egypt. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 04 | Israeli troops reach Suez Canal. | Ref: 5 |
- 1957
| May 04 | Anne Frank Foundation forms in Amsterdam. | Ref: 5 |
- 1959
| Dec 25 | A synagogue in Cologne Germany desecrated with swastikas. | Ref: 5 |
- 1961
| Apr 11 | (through Aug 14th) Eichmann on trial in Jerusalem for crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Found guilty and hanged at Ramleh on May 31, 1962. A fellow Nazi reported Eichmann once said "he would leap laughing into the grave because the feeling that he had five million people on his conscience would be for him a source of extraordinary satisfaction." | Ref: 35 |
- 1962
| Nov 29 | Rav Aaron Kotler Orthodox Talmudic scholar, dies in Lakewood NJ. | Ref: 5 |
- 1965
| Jan 20 | Generalissimo Francisco Franco meets with Jewish representatives to discuss legitimizing Jewish communities in Spain. | Ref: 5 |
- 1966
| Jan 02 | First Jewish child born in Spain since 1492 expulsion. | Ref: 5 |
- 1968
| Dec 28 | Israel attacks an airport in Beirut, destroying 13 planes. | Ref: 2 |
| Dec 29 | Israeli commandos destroy 13 Lebanese airplanes. | Ref: 5 |
- 1969
| Jan 27 | 9 Jews publicly executed in Damascus Syria. | Ref: 5 |
- 1970
| Dec 24 | 9 Jews are convicted in Leningrad for hijacking a plane. | Ref: 5 |
- 1972
| Jun 03 | In Cincinnati, Ohio, Sally J. Priesand, 25, became the first woman in Reform Judaism to be ordained as a rabbi. | Ref: 5 |
- 1973
| Oct 06 | Israel is taken by surprise when Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Jordan attack on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur, beginning the Yom Kippur War. (XDG, p 4A, 10/05/2001) | Ref: 83 |
- 1976
| Oct 24 | First Jewish film & TV festival. | Ref: 5 |
- 1977
| Jan 03 | Avraham Ofer Israeli minister of housing, commits suicide. | Ref: 5 |
| Jun 01 | The Soviet Union formally charged Jewish human rights activist Anatoly Shcharansky with treason. (Shcharansky was imprisoned, then released in 1986.) | Ref: 70 |
- 1978
| Jan 08 | Israel's Cabinet votes to `strengthen' settlements in occupied Sinai. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 02 | U.S. Jewish leaders bar a meeting with Egypt's Anwar Sadat. | Ref: 2 |
| Jun 22 | Neo-Nazis call off plans to march in Jewish community of Skokie, Ill. | Ref: 5 |
- 1979
| Aug 01 | Following her graduation from rabbinical college in Philadelphia, Linda Joy Holtzman was appointed spiritual leader of the Conservative Beth Israel congregation in Coatesville, PA, making her the first female rabbi to head a Jewish congregation in America. | Ref: 5 |
- 1980
| Jul 30 | The Israeli Knesset passed a law reaffirming all of Jerusalem as the capital of the Jewish state. (XDG, p 4A, 7/30/2003) | Ref: 83 |
- 1981
| Dec 14 | The modern nation of Israel formally annexed the Golan Heights, which had been captured from Syria during the 1967 War. | Ref: 5 |
- 1985
| Jan 03 | Israel government confirms resettlement of 10,000 Ethiopian Jews. | Ref: 5 |
| Jan 04 | Secret airlifts of 10,000 Ethiopian Jews (Falashes) end after the operation is discovered by the Ethiopian government. | Ref: 17 |
| Feb 14 | The U.S. Rabbinical Assembly of Conservative Judaism announced their decision to begin accepting women as rabbis. | Ref: 5 |
| May 12 | Amy Eilberg is ordained in New York as first woman Conservative rabbi. | Ref: 5 |
- 1986
| May 14 | Institute for War documents publishes Anne Franks complete diary. | Ref: 5 |
- 1988
| Nov 03 | Soviet Union agrees to allow teaching of Hebrew. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 06 | Arafat meets prominent American Jews in Stockholm, Sweden. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 12 | PLO leader Yasser Arafat accepts Israel's right to exist. | Ref: 5 |
- 1989
| Jan 23 | Challenge to "who is a Jew" law filed in Israeli Supreme Court. | Ref: 5 |
| Oct 09 | Penthouse Magazine's hebrew edition hits the newstands | Ref: 5 |
- 1990
| Oct 07 | Israel begins handing out gas masks to its citizens. | Ref: 5 |
- 1991
| Jan 03 | Israel reopens consulate in USSR after 23 years. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 22 | Shalom America (Jewish cable network) is launched in Brooklyn & Queens. | Ref: 5 |
| May 24 | Israel began airlifting 15,000 Ethiopian Jews to safety as Ethiopian rebels continued to advance on Addis Ababa. | Ref: 6 |
| May 25 | Israel completed "Operation Solomon," which had evacuated 15,000 Ethiopian Jews to their promised land. | Ref: 10 |
- 1993
| Jan 26 | Jan Gies Dutch resistance fighter (helped Anne Frank), dies at 87. | Ref: 5 |
| Sep 13 | There was hope that the 45 years of war between Arabs and Jews would come to an end. PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin came together in Washington, DC to sign an agreement to make peace, not war. | Ref: 4 |
| Dec 13 | Deadline for Israeli troop withdrawal from Gaza, they don't. | Ref: 5 |
- 1994
| Apr 07 | Vatican acknowledges Holocaust (Nazi's killing Jews) for first time. | Ref: 5 |
| Dec 04 | Jakob Kaplan French head rabbi (1955-81), dies at 99. | Ref: 5 |
- 1995
| Feb 19 | Shlomo Averbach Israeli ultra-orthodox rabbi, dies at 84. | Ref: 5 |
| Feb 20 | Shlomo Averbach Rabbi, buried in Jerusalem, 250,000 attend. | Ref: 5 |
- 1996
| Jan 27 | Germany celebrates its first Holocaust Remembrance Day. | Ref: 5 |
| Apr 05 | Marlon Brando makes anti-semitic remarks about Hollywood on Larry King. | Ref: 5 |
| Nov 27 | Germany celebrates its first Holocaust Remembrance Day. | Ref: 5 |
- 1997
| Sep 30 | France's Roman Catholic Church apologized for its silence during the systematic persecution and deportation of Jews by the pro-Nazi Vichy regime. | Ref: 70 |
- 1998
| Nov 11 | Israel's Cabinet narrowly ratified a land-for-peace agreement with the Palestinians. | Ref: 70 |
- 2000
| Dec 09 | Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak announced he would resign and call a special election. | Ref: 70 |
- 2001
| Dec 03 | In the wake of bombings that killed 26 Israelis, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon declared war on terror. | Ref: 70 |
| Dec 04 | Stepping up reprisals for suicide bombings by Palestinian militants, Israel unleashed air strikes; three missiles hit near Yasser Arafat's office as the Palestinian leader worked inside. The United States froze the financial assets of organizations allegedly linked to Hamas, the group that claimed responsibility for recent deadly suicide attacks in Israel. | Ref: 70 |
- 2002
| Mar 21 | Rabbi Israel Miller, leader of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany and campaigner to obtain compensation for Holocaust surviviors, dies at age 83. (XDG, p 8A, 1/01/2003) | Ref: 83 |
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Jewish History Chronology