Heads of State Chronology

Ferdinand (Edralin) Marcos, President of the Philippines from 1966-1986, is born.

Ref: 4

Oct 27

Oliver Tambo, President of South Africa’s African National Congress; is born.

Ref: 4

Nov 19

Indira Gandhi, prime minister of India from 1967 to 1977 and 1978 to 1984 who was assassinated by her own guards, is born in Allahabad India.

Ref: 2

Ellis Clarke President of Trinidad & Tobago (1976-87), is born.

Ref: 5

1918

Gamal Abdel Nasser President of Egypt (1954-1970), is born.

Ref: 5

Nicolae Ceausescu Romanian President (1967-90), is born.

Ref: 5

Károly earl Khuen-Héderváry Hungarian Governor/premier (1910-12), is born.

Ref: 5

Cheddi B Jagan dentist/founder PPP/Guyanese Premier (1953, 1957-64), is born.

Ref: 5

Kakuei Tanaka Japanese PM (1972-74), convicted of bribe-taking, is born.

Ref: 5

Yasuhiro Nakasone Japanese PM (1982-87), is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 17

Chaim Herzog, President of Israel; is born.

Ref: 17

Oct 14

Thomas Masaryk becomes president of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 10

Dec 21

Kurt Waldheim Nazi/4th UN Secretary-General (1972-81)/Austrian President (1986-92), is born.

Ref: 5

Helmut Schmidt Chancellor of Germany (SPD, 1974-82), is born.

Ref: 5

1919

Havelock Henry Trevor Hudson underwriter (Lloyd's of London), is born.

Ref: 5

Giulio Andreotti 7 x premier (Italy), is born.

Ref: 5

Pianist and statesman Ignace Jan Paderewski became the first premier of the newly created republic of Poland.

Ref: 70

Andreas George Papandreou Greek premier (1981-89, 93- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Friedrich Ebert (SPD), elected President of Germany.

Ref: 5

Mar 23

Benito Mussolini founded his Fascist political movement in Milan, Italy.

Ref: 5

Austria expels all Habsburgers.

Ref: 5

Eamon de Valera becomes president of Ireland.

Ref: 2

Eamon de Valera becomes president of Dail Eireann.

Ref: 5

[Douglas] Ian Smith premier of Rhodesia (1964-..), is born.

Ref: 5

Eva (Evita) Peron Argentina’s spiritual leader and wife of Argentina’s President, Juan Peron; actress on stage, film and radio, is born.

Ref: 4

Paul Vanden Boeynants premier Belgium (1966-68, 1978-79), is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 27

Louis Botha, commander-in-chief of the Boar Army against the British and first president of South Africa, is born.

Ref: 68

Oct 26

Mohammed Reza Pahlevi, the Shah of Iran (1941-79) who was overthrown in 1979 and died in the United States, is born.

Ref: 2

Moise Tshombe President of Katanga, then premier of the Congo (Zaire), is born.

Ref: 5

Theodoor H de Meester Dutch liberal premier (1905-08), dies at 68.

Ref: 5

1920

Albert Meltzer anarchist, is born.

Ref: 5

Jan 21

Errol Walton Barrow PM of Barbados (DLP) (1966-76, 1986-87), is born.

Ref: 5

Feb 29

Miklos Horthy de Nagybanya became the Regent of Hungary just six months after leading a counterrevolt.

Ref: 4

Mar 27

Hermann Müller becomes German chancellor (SPD).

Ref: 5

Thomas Masaryk elected President of Czechoslovakia

Ref: 5

Barend Biesheuvel Dutch premier (1971-73), is born.

Ref: 5

Richard von Weizsäcker baron/President (Germany, 1984-94), is born.

Ref: 5

Ratu Kasmisere Mara PM of Fiji (1960-70, 70- )/President (1994- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Kaysone Phomvihane/premier/President of Laos (Pathet Lao) (1991-92), is born.

Ref: 5

1921

Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg German chancellor/PM (Prussia); referred to the international treaty guaranteeing Belgian neutrality as "a scrap of paper", dies at 64.

Ref: 5

Grand Duke Jean, Head of State, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is born.

Ref: 17

Riza Khan Pahlevi seizes control of Iran.

Ref: 5

Feb 22

Jean-Bedel Bokassa dictator, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 08

President Suharto of Indonesia is born. (XDG, p 4A, 6/8/2000)

Ref: 83

Aug 05

Mustapha Kemal is appointed virtual ruler of the Ottoman Empire.

Ref: 2

Sep 17

Virgilio Barco Vargas president of Colombia (1986-90), is born.

Ref: 5

Nov 07

Benito Mussolini declares himself to be leader of the National Fascist Party in Italy.

Ref: 2

Alexander Dubcek headed Czech Communist Party (1968-69), is born.

Ref: 5

Rashid Karami Lebanon, 10 time PM: 1955-87 of Lebanon, is born.

Ref: 5

1922

Ahmed Sékou Touré President of Guinea (1957-84), is born.

Ref: 5

Luis Echeverría Alvarez President of Mexico, is born.

Ref: 5

Ahmed Sékou Touré President of Guinea (1957-84), is born.

Ref: 5

Eric Gairy premier (Grenada), is born.

Ref: 5

Abdul Razak bin Hussain premier of Malaysia (1970-77), is born.

Ref: 5

Mujib ur-Rahman Pakistan, sheik/premier, is born.

Ref: 5

Joseph Stalin elected General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.

Ref: 5

Aug 22

Michael Collins, Irish revolutionary leader and statesman, is killed in an ambush at age 31.

Ref: 70

Gabriel Narutowicz elected Polish President.

Ref: 5

Eric Brand diplomat, is born.

Ref: 5

Polish parliament selects Stanislaw Wojcieckowski as president.

Ref: 5

1923

Lee Teng-hui president of ROC (Taiwan), head of KMT (1988- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Willem Aantjes Dutch political leader (CDA), is born.

Ref: 5

Forbes Burnham premier Guyana (1964-85), is born.

Ref: 5

Juan M G "Wancho" Evertsz premier of Dutch Antilles (NVP, 1973-77), is born.

Ref: 5

May 02

Patrick J Hillery, Irish statesman, President of the Irish Republic 1976-, is born.

Ref: 17

Aug 13

Mustapha Kemal elected president of Turkey.

Ref: 5

Sep 14

Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain.

Ref: 5

Polish government of Grabski forms.

Ref: 5

Lucas M Mangope first President of Bophuthatswana (1977-94), is born.

Ref: 5

Wilton S Mkwayi South African ANC leader, is born.

Ref: 5

1924

Egyptian king Foead nominates Saad Zaghloel Pasja premier.

Ref: 5

Robert G Mugabe Premier/President of Zimbabwe, is born.

Ref: 5

Feb 26

Noboru Takeshita Japanese PM (1987-89), is born.

Ref: 5

Belgium's Theunis government falls.

Ref: 5

3rd term of Belgium Theunis government begins.

Ref: 5

Mar 25

Greek parliament selects Admiral Paul Koundouriótis as premier.

Ref: 5

Kenneth David Kaunda founder/President (Zambia, 1964-91), is born.

Ref: 5

Admiral Paul Koundouriótis becomes President of Greece.

Ref: 5

Dawda Kairaba Jawara President (Gambia, 1970-94), is born.

Ref: 5

German Government of Marx resigns.

Ref: 5

Aug 18

Mohammad Zia Ul-Haq pres of Pakistan (1978-88), is born.

Ref: 5

Egyptian king Foead nominates Saad Zaghloel Pasja premier.

Ref: 5

Calles becomes President of México.

Ref: 5

Mário Soares (Socialist), premier of Portugal (1976-78, 1983- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Michael Hainisch re-elected Austrian President.

Ref: 5

Mokta Ould Daddah President of Mauritania (1961-78), is born.

Ref: 5

Mokta Ould Daddah President of Mauritania (1961-78), is born.

Ref: 5

1925

Idi Amin Dada, Ugandan leader of ill-repute, is born.

Ref: 68

Jan 24

Sandler follows Branting as premier of Sweden.

Ref: 5

Premier Ahmed Zogu (Zogu I) becomes President of Albania.

Ref: 5

Friedrich Ebert, Social-Democrat president of Germany, dies.

Ref: 5

Sun Yat-Sen, revolutionary leader: China [1911], dies at age 58.

Ref: 4

Paul von Hindenburg elected 2nd President of Germany (Adolf Hitler is 3rd).

Ref: 5

Apr 26

Hindenburg becomes president of Germany.

Ref: 10

Ali Hassan Mwinyi President of Tanzania (1985- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Pol Pot, Cambodian leader of the Khmer Rouge, is born.

Ref: 68

Jun 28

Christian Michelsen, Norwegian prime minister; separated Norway from Sweden in 1905, dies at age 68.

Ref: 70

Jul 02

Patrice Lumumba, Zaire, Congolese independence leader and prime minister (1960), is born.

Ref: 70

Oct 13

Margaret (Hilda) Thatcher (Roberts) ‘The Iron Lady’: British leader: Prime Minister of Great Britain [1979-1990], is born.

Ref: 4

German government of Luther falls.

Ref: 5

Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle President of Nicaragua (1967-79), is born.

Ref: 5

Antonio Maura, Spanish statesman; prime minister five times between 1903 and 1922, dies at age 72.

Ref: 70

Mahathir bin Mohamed Malaysia’s prime minister [May 15, 1983-Sep 29, 1994], is born.

Ref: 4

Christmas F Tinto South African ANC'er/UDF-leader, is born.

Ref: 5

Louis Dosfel Flemish lawyer/literary (Assault!), dies at 44.

Ref: 5

1926

Greek General Theodorus Pángulos names himself dictator.

Ref: 5

Theodorus Pangalos resigns as Greek dictator.

Ref: 5

Garret FitzGerald Prime Minister of Ireland, is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 04

De Geer government in Netherlands takes office.

Ref: 5

Raúl Alfonsín Argentine President (1983-89), is born.

Ref: 5

Mar 26

Konstantin Fehrenbach German reichs chancellor (1920-21), dies at 74.

Ref: 5

Greek dictator Theodorus Pangalos elected president.

Ref: 5

German Government of Luther falls.

Ref: 5

German Government of Marx takes power.

Ref: 5

Belgian Government of Jaspar takes power.

Ref: 5

Military coup by General Manuel Gomes da Costa in Portugal.

Ref: 5

Portuguese President Bernardino Machedo resigns after coup.

Ref: 5

Hirohito became emperor of Japan, suceeding his father, Emperor Yoshihito. (Hirohito was formally enthroned almost two years later.)

Ref: 70

Yoshihito 123rd Emperor of Japan (1912-26), dies at 47.

Ref: 5

Edgar D Ngoyi South African ANC leader (17 years in Robbeneiland Jail), is born.

Ref: 5

1927

José Simón Azcona Hoyo President of Honduras (1986-90), is born.

Ref: 5

Jan 30

Olof Palme Stockholm, PM of Sweden (1969-76, 1982-86) assassinated, is born.

Ref: 5

Raul Alfonsin President (Argentina), is born.

Ref: 5

Chilean General Carlos Ibáñez names himself president.

Ref: 5

Japan's Wakarsoeki government falls/Baron Tanaka becomes premier.

Ref: 5

Tadeusz Mazowiecki premier of Poland (1989-90), is born.

Ref: 5

Thomas Masaryk elected Czechoslovakian president.

Ref: 5

Aug 13

Fidel Castro Ruz Cuban political leader (1959- ), is born.

Ref: 15

Nov 12

Josef Stalin became the undisputed ruler of the Soviet Union as Leon Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party.

Ref: 5

Golda Meir [Meyerson] Kiev Ukraine, 4th Israeli PM (1969-74), is born.

Ref: 5

Sergei D Sazonov Russian Foreign minister (1910-16), dies at 66.

Ref: 5

1928

Zulfikar Ali Khan Bhutto President/Premier (Pakistan), is born.

Ref: 5

Christopher Hornsrud chosen PM of Norway at age 101.

Ref: 5

Feb 02

Luigi Ciriaco De Mita PM of Italy (1988-89), is born.

Ref: 5

Fidel V Ramos President (Philippines), is born.

Ref: 5

Gustave Ador President of Austria (1919), dies at 82.

Ref: 5

Robert Mugabe President (Zimbabwe, 1988- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Hosni Mubarak Egyptian President (1981- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Oct 06

Chiang Kai-Shek becomes president of China.

Ref: 5

MW Miklas elected President of Austria.

Ref: 5

1929

Fred Sinowatz (SPÖ) Neufeld an der Leitha, chancellor of Austria (1983-86), is born.

Ref: 5

Omar Torrijos Herrera President of Panama, is born.

Ref: 5

Hugh Desmond Hoyte president (Guyana, 1985-92), is born.

Ref: 5

Austrian government of Ignaz Seipel falls.

Ref: 5

Thorvald Stauning becomes premier of Denmark.

Ref: 5

Earnest Streeruwitz becomes chancellor of Austria.

Ref: 5

May 12

Samuel Nujoma, President of Namibia [March 21, 1990-present], is born.

Ref: 4

Aug 24

Yasir Arafat, leader of the Palestinian Liberation Movement is born in Cairo Egypt. Ref

Oct 28

Prince Bernhard von Bulow, Chancellor of Germany 1900-1909, dies.

Ref: 17

Jaap Boersma Dutch Minister for Social Affairs (ARP), is born.

Ref: 5

Robert J L Hawke (Lab), PM Australia (1983-91), is born.

Ref: 5

Dec 14

Alexander Zaimis elected President of Greece.

Ref: 5

Milan Panic premier of little Yugoslavia, is born.

Ref: 5

1930

Gaafar Muhammad Nimeiry Premier/President (Sudan), is born.

Ref: 5

Mao Tse-tung writes "A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire".

Ref: 5

Mar 16

Miguel Primo de Riveray Orbaneja, Spanish dictator (1923-30), dies at 60.

Ref: 5

Lynden O Pindling Prime Minister of Bahamas (1967-92), is born.

Ref: 5

Helmut Kohl Chancellor: Federal Republic of Germany [1982-1998], is born.

Ref: 4

Vigdis Finnbogadóttir President of Iceland (1980- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Malcolm Fraser PM of Australia (Liberal, 1975-83), is born.

Ref: 5

Georges Forbes succeeds Joseph Ward as premier of New Zealand.

Ref: 5

Edward Seaga PM (Jamaica), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 01

Imelda Marcos former first lady (Philipines)/shoe collector, is born.

Ref: 5

Aug 23

Michel Rocard Courbevoie France, Prime Minister of France, is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 07

Baudouin I king of Belgium (1951- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Oct 06

Hafez al Assad president (Syria), is born.

Ref: 5

Otto Ender forms Austrian government.

Ref: 5

1931

Toshiki Kaifu premier of Japan (1989-91), is born.

Ref: 5

Boris Yeltsin, Ural Mountains USSR, president of Russian SSR, is born.

Ref: 5

Feb 02

Andreas "Andries" van Agt Dutch premier (CDA, 1977-82), is born.

Ref: 5

Isabel Perón [Maria Martinez], dancer/president Argentina, is born.

Ref: 5

Spanish government of General Damasco Berenguer falls.

Ref: 5

Extreme right wing Svinhufvud becomes President of Finland.

Ref: 5

Mikhail Gorbachev, Secretary General of the Soviet Union. Responsible for restructuring the Soviet economy (perestroika) and openness and information (glasnost), is born.

Ref: 2

Juan Bautista Aznar becomes premier of Spain.

Ref: 5

Mustafa Kemal Pasja becomes Turkish president.

Ref: 5

Belgian Government of Jaspar falls.

Ref: 5

George Vassiliou President of Cyprus (1988-93), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 02

Imelda Marcos widow of exiled Philippines leader, Ferdinand Marcos; famous for her collection of hundreds of pairs of shoes, is born.

Ref: 4

Manuel Azaña becomes premier/Niceto Zamora President of Spain.

Ref: 5

Japanese Government of Imukai forms.

Ref: 5

Joseph A Lyons (C) becomes premier of Australia.

Ref: 5

Lin-Sen succeeds Chiang Kai-shek as President of Nanjing-China.

Ref: 5

1932

Arnfried G D P Dutch manufacturer (breadcrumbs)/drugs dealer, is born.

Ref: 5

Raïsa Maximovna Titorenko Gorbachev, Russia's 1st lady (1982-1991), is born.

Ref: 5

André Tardieu becomes premier of France.

Ref: 5

Eamon De Valera is elected president of the Irish Free State and pledges to abolish all loyalty to the British Crown.

Ref: 2

F[rederik] W[illem] de Klerk President South Africa (1989-94), is born.

Ref: 5

German president Paul von Hindenburg was re-elected, with Adolf Hitler coming in second.

Ref: 70

Engelbert Dollfuss becomes chancellor of Austria.

Ref: 5

Admiral Makoto Saito forms parliament in Tokyo.

Ref: 5

Jul 05

Oliveira Salazar becomes dictator of fascist Portugal.

Ref: 5

Nov 02

Henri Namphy Cap Haitien Haiti, President of Haiti (1986- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Benigno Aquino Jr Philippine opposition leader; assassinated in 1983, is born.

Ref: 5

General Kurt von Schleicher becomes chancellor of Germany.

Ref: 5

Roh Tae Woo Taegu South Korea, President of South Korea (1988-93), is born.

Ref: 5

Arturo Alessandri wins presidental election in Chile.

Ref: 5

1933

Wilhelm Cuno German Reich's chancellor (1922-23), dies at 56.

Ref: 5

Corazon Aquino, who defeated Ferdinand Marcos in free elections to become the President of the Philippines in 1986 is born. Her husband had been killed by Marcos’ gunmen. Corazon Aquino, who defeated Ferdinand Marcos in free elections to become the President of the Philippines in 1986, is born. Her husband had been killed by Marcos’ gunmen.

Ref: 2

Paul Biya President of Cameroon (1982- ), is born.

Ref: 5

2nd emergency Dutch Government of Colijn forms.

Ref: 5

Oct 22

Donald H Peterson Winona MS, Col USAF/astronaut (STS 6), is born.

Ref: 5

1934

Bettino Craxi Italy's first socialist premier (1983-87), is born.

Ref: 5

Josip Broz (Tito) freed from jail.

Ref: 5

Acting President Constantine Päts commits coup in Tallinn Estonia.

Ref: 5

Spanish government of Samper forms.

Ref: 5

Pedro Pires premier (Cape Verde, 1975-91), is born.

Ref: 5

Karlis Ulmanis names himself fascist dictator of Latvia.

Ref: 5

Military coup by Colonel Damian Veltsjev in Bulgaria.

Ref: 5

Nov 09

Ingvar Carlsson PM of Sweden (1986- ), is born.

Ref: 5

1935

President Mustapha Kemal Pasha names himself "Atatürk Father of Turkey".

Ref: 5

Mar 03

Zhelyu Zhelev president of Bulgaria (1990- ), is born.

Ref: 5

May 12

Josef Pilsudski Polish dictator (1926-35), dies.

Ref: 5

Nov 14

Manuel Luis Quezon is sworn in as the first Filipino president, as the Commonwealth of the Philippines is inaugurated.

Ref: 2

Edward Benes becomes President of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 5

Juan V Gómez general/dictator of Venezuela (1908-35), dies.

Ref: 5

Omar [Albert B] Bongo President of Gabon (1967- ), is born.

Ref: 5

1936

Julio María Sanguinetti Cairolo President of Uruguay (1985-90, 95- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Ferdinand Hartzenberg South African minister of Education (1979-82), is born.

Ref: 5

Meindert Leerling Dutch TV director/MP (RPF), is born.

Ref: 5

Eldred G Maduro minister (Netherlands Antilles), is born.

Ref: 5

Spanish Frente Popular (People's Front) wins elections.

Ref: 5

Manuel Azaña becomes Spanish premier.

Ref: 5

Kennedy A Simmonds premier (St Kitts & Nevis, 1983-95), is born.

Ref: 5

Metaxas proclaims himself dictator of Greece.

Ref: 5

Demertzis Greek premier, dies.

Ref: 5

Charles J M Ruys de Beerenbrouck Dutch PM (1918-23, 29-33), dies.

Ref: 5

Wilfried Martens premier (Belgium, 1979-81, 1981-92), is born.

Ref: 5

May 10

Manuel Azaña elected President of Spain.

Ref: 2

May 10

Nahas Pasja becomes premier of Egypt.

Ref: 2

Quiroga Government takes office in Spain.

Ref: 5

Alan Rayfield governor (Long Latin Prison), is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 02

Gen Anastasio Somoza takes over as dictator of Nicaragua.

Ref: 5

Sep 26

Winnie Mandela political activist; married South African president Nelson Madela

Ref: 4

Oct 01

General Francisco Franco was proclaimed the head of an insurgent Spanish state.

Ref: 70

Oct 05

Václav Havel, Czech dissident dramatist who became the first freely elected president of Czechoslovakia in 55 years, is born.

Ref: 2

Anastasio Somoza elected President of Nicaragua.

Ref: 5

1937

Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua.

Ref: 5

Hajé J Schartman Dutch MP (CDA), is born.

Ref: 5

Joseph Saidu Momoh General/President (Sierra Leone), is born.

Ref: 5

Juvenal Hayarimana president of Rwanda (1973-94), is born.

Ref: 5

Erskine Sandiford premier (Barbados, 1987-94), is born.

Ref: 5

Juan Negrin succeeds Largo Caballero as Spain's premier.

Ref: 5

Sep 14

Tomás G Masaryk Czechoslovakia, Father/President of Czechoslovakia (1918-35), dies at age 87.

Ref: 5

Fascist Octavian Goga becomes PM of Romania/begins spread of Judaism.

Ref: 5

1938

Artur Seyss-Inquart replaces Kurt von Schuschnigg as Chancellor of Austria.

Ref: 5

Douglas Hyde (a protestant) becomes first president of Eire.

Ref: 5

Philip Kleintjes republic leader, dies at 70.

Ref: 5

Kemal Ataturk, first President of Turkey, dies.

Ref: 5

Emile Vandervelde Belgian Secretary of State (BWP), dies at 72.

Ref: 5

1939

Henri Jaspar premier of Belgium (1926-31), dies at 68.

Ref: 5

Belgian government of Pierlot forms.

Ref: 5

Belgian government of Pierlot falls.

Ref: 5

Czech President Emil Hacha ousts pro-German Joseph Tiso as the Premier of Slovakia in order to preserve Czech unity.

Ref: 2

Hubert Pierlot forms Belgian government.

Ref: 5

Gro Harlem Brundtland Norwegian premier (1981-82, 86-89, 90- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Rudolphus FM "Ruud" Lubbers director Dutch/CDA-premier (1982-94), is born.

Ref: 5

Gro Harlem Brundtland Norway, PM/feminist/conservatist, is born.

Ref: 5

Sep 24

Manfred Woerner Secretary General of NATO, is born.

Ref: 5

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom President of Maldives (1978- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Doeke Eisma sociologist/Dutch MP (D66), is born.

Ref: 5

1940

Tina Modotti [Maria del Carmen], Italian/Mexican communist, dies at 46.

Ref: 5

Pianist Ignaz Paderewski becomes premier of Polish government in exile.

Ref: 5

Manuel Noriega, dictator of Panama 1983-89, is born in Panama City, Panama.

Ref: 68

Reynaud forms French Government.

Ref: 5

Nov 24

Viscount Craigavon (James Craig), first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, dies.

Ref: 2

Richard Furrer Worgl Germany, astronaut (STS 22), is born.

Ref: 5

Pietro Badoglio resigns as viceroy of Ethiopia.

Ref: 5

Frans Moor Dutch MP (PvdA), is born.

Ref: 5

1941

Jan 29

Ioannis Metaxas Greek General/dictator (1936-41), commits suicide at 69.

Ref: 5

Former Dutch premier De Geer flies to Berlin.

Ref: 5

Paul Teleki premier Hungary, dies.

Ref: 5

Pal Teleki-von Szek PM Hungary (1920-21, 39-41), suicide at 61.

Ref: 5

Alexander Korysis PM of Greece, commits suicide.

Ref: 5

May 02

Jules Wijdenbosch premier Suriname, is born.

Ref: 5

Goh Chok Sole premier of Singapore (1990- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Maria Liberia-Peters premier of Dutch Antilles (198?-93), is born.

Ref: 5

1942

Amichand Rajbansi South African politician, is born.

Ref: 5

Kim Chong-Il [Yura], President of North-Korea (1994- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Kim Il Jong son of North Korean President Kim Il Sung (1972-94), is born.

Ref: 5

Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear President of Argentina (1922-28), dies at 73.

Ref: 5

Aug 04

David Russell Lange PM (L) New Zealand (1984- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo President of Guatemala (1986-91), is born.

Ref: 5

1943

Agustin P Justo y Rolon President of Argentina (1931-38), dies at 66.

Ref: 5

Roeland HG "Roel" van Duyn Dutch Provo politician, is born.

Ref: 5

Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (Chilean General/dictator) marries Lucia Hiriart.

Ref: 5

Peter Kenilorea PM Solomon Islands, is born.

Ref: 5

Jun 04

In Argentina, Juan Peron takes part in the military coup that overthrows Ramon S. Castillo.

Ref: 2

Sep 13

Chiang Kai-shek became president of China.

Ref: 70

Oct 10

Chiang Kai-shek takes oath of office as president of China.

Ref: 5

Carlo Mierendorff German politician/antifascist, dies at 46.

Ref: 5

1944

Ad [GB] Nijhuis Dutch MP (VVD), is born.

Ref: 5

Galeazzo count of Cortellazzo Ciano Italian politician, dies.

Ref: 5

Jan 18

Relus ter Beek Dutch Minister of defense (PvdA), is born.

Ref: 5

Eugene Terre Blanche South African leader of Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, is born.

Ref: 5

Argentina coup by Juan Peron minister of war.

Ref: 5

Faisal ibn Mussaed, deranged nephew and murderer of his uncle and king of Saudi-Arabia is born.

Ref: 68

Greek Colonel Venizelos forms government.

Ref: 5

Apr 26

Papandreou government in Greece forms.

Ref: 5

Mary Bourke Robinson, first woman president of Ireland (1990-1997), is born.

Ref: 2

Aug 20

Rajiv Ghandi India’s Prime Minister [1989-1991]

Ref: 4

General Radescu forms Romanian government.

Ref: 5

Abbas Hilmi II viceroy of Egypt (1892-1914), dies at 70.

Ref: 5

1945

Greek General Plastiras forms government.

Ref: 5

Dutch Premier Gerbrandy, exiled in London, offers his resignation.

Ref: 5

Hans Brunhart leader of Liechtenstein (1978-93), is born.

Ref: 5

Alan Dukes Irish President (Fine Gael, is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 05

John Curtin, Australian prime minister, dies at age 60.

Ref: 70

Oct 17

Col. Juan Peron staged a coup, becoming absolute ruler of Argentina.

Ref: 70

General Enver Hoxha becomes leader of Albania.

Ref: 5

Nov 11

Daniel Ortega Saavedra President of Nicaragua (1984- ), is born.

Ref: 68

Birenda Bir Bikram King of Nepal (1972- ), is born.

Ref: 5

Joris J C Voorhoeve Dutch Defense minister (1994-, VVD), is born.

Ref: 5

1946

France's Charles DeGaulle hands in his resignation.

Ref: 2

F Gouin follows De Gaulle as temporary leader of French government.

Ref: 5

Republic of Hungary proclaimed, Zolt n Tildy as communist president.

Ref: 5

Juan Domingo Peron, who led a military coup in 1943, is elected president of Argentina by a wide electoral majority.

Ref: 2

Juan Peron is elected President of Argentina. He will hold the office for six years.

Ref: 2

Van Acker forms Belgian government (without CVP).

Ref: 5

Carlos Salinas de Gortari president (Mexico), is born.

Ref: 5

Klement Gottwald becomes premier of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 5

Jun 28

Enrico de Nicola becomes first pres of Italy.

Ref: 5

Oct 16

Arthur Seyss-Inquart Austrian chancellor (1930s), dies at 54.

Ref: 5

1947

Peter Lankhorst Dutch MP (PPR), is born.

Ref: 5

Aleide de Gasperi forms Italian government of Christian-democrats & communists.

Ref: 5

Bolewet Beirut becomes President of Poland.

Ref: 5

Belgian government of Spaak, forms.

Ref: 5

César Gaviria Trujillo President (Colombia, 1990-94), is born.

Ref: 5

Irish nationalist Bernadette Devlin McAliskey is born.

Ref: 68

John Bruton Prime Minister (Republic of Ireland), is born.

Ref: 5

Italian Government of Gasperi forms.

Ref: 5

Jul 30

Sir Joseph Cook, Australian prime minister (1913-14), dies at age 86.

Ref: 70

Stephanus S "Tian" van Merwe leader (South Africa Democratic Party), is born.

Ref: 5

1948

John Costello follows Eamon Da Valera as premier of Ireland.

Ref: 5

Communists seize Czechoslovakia/C Gottwald becomes premier.

Ref: 5

The body of the anti-Communist foreign minister of Czechoslovakia, Jan Masaryk, 61, was found in the garden of Czernin Palace in Prague.

Ref: 70

Chiang Kai-shek elected President of Nationalist China.

Ref: 5

The prime minister of Nepal, General Padma Rana, resigns and is replaced by his son, Maharaja Chandra Rana.

Ref: 17

Belgian Government of Spaak resigns.

Ref: 5

Luigi Einaudi elected President of Italy.

Ref: 5

Sep 03

Edvard Benes, Czech statesman, foreign minister and president in 1935, dies at age 64.

Ref: 70

Mohammed Ali Jinnah founder: Republic of Pakistan: governor general; dies.

Ref: 4

1949

Pompeo Aloisi Italian baron/diplomat/senator, dies at 63.

Ref: 5

Russian-born English chemist and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, 74, was elected first president of the newly restored modern state of Israel.

Ref: 5

Feb 17

Chaim Weizman elected first President of Israel.

Ref: 5

Niceto A Zamora y Torres premier of Spain (1931-36), dies at 71.

Ref: 5

Chaim Weizmann becomes first Israeli President.

Ref: 5

Alan García Pérez President of Peru (1985-90), is born.

Ref: 5

Chiang Kai-shek flees to Taiwan.

Ref: 5

Chinese Communist leader Mao Tse-tung is received at the Kremlin in Moscow.

Ref: 2

Sukarno becomes President of Indonesia, Mokammed Hatta premier

Ref: 5

1950

Joseph A Schumpeter Austrian/US economist/Minister of Finance, dies at 66.

Ref: 5

Urko Kekkonen elected president of Finland.

Ref: 5

Karl Seitz President of Austria, dies at 80.

Ref: 5

General Chiang Kai-shek elected President of Nationalist China.

Ref: 5

Chiang Kai-shek resumed the Presidency of National China on Formosa.

Ref: 5

Prince Rainier III becomes ruler of Monaco.

Ref: 5

Itumeleng J Mosala South Africa President (Azanian People's Organization), is born.

Ref: 5

Celal Bayar elected president of Turkey.

Ref: 5

Jan Christian Smuts, South African statesman, soldier and prime minister (1919-24), dies at age 80.

Ref: 70

Jacobo Arbenz Guzmon is elected President of Guatemala.

Ref: 5

Peter Fraser, New Zealand labor leader and prime minister (1940-9), dies at age 66.

Ref: 2

Ernst Hirsch Ballin Dutch minister of Justice (198?-94), is born.

Ref: 5

Ieremia Tabai President of Kiribati (Gilbert Islands) (1979-91), is born.

Ref: 5

Yunus I Mahomed South African attorney/leader (UDF), is born.

Ref: 5

Karl Renner Austrian Chancellor/President (1918-20, 45-50), dies at 80.

Ref: 5

1951

Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, Finnish military leader and president, dies at age 83.

Ref: 70

Kwame Nkrumah wins first parliamentary election on Gold coast (Ghana).

Ref: 5

Dutch Antilles government of Da Costa Gomez forms.

Ref: 5

Mohammed Mossadeq chosen premier of Persia.

Ref: 5

Jul 03

Jean-Claude Duvalier deposed Haitian president-for-life, is born.

Ref: 5

Jozef E Stokvis Dutch MP (SDAP), dies at 76.

Ref: 5

1952

Sveinn Bjørnsson Danish first President of Iceland (1944-52), dies at 70.

Ref: 5

Theodorus Pangalos Greek General/dictator 1926, dies at 74.

Ref: 5

Egyptian government-Ali Maher Pasja resigns.

Ref: 5

Antoine Pinay forms French government.

Ref: 5

Pandit Nehru becomes premier of India.

Ref: 5

Jul 25

Eva (Evita) Peron of Argentina, dies.

Ref: 4

Jul 26

Argentina's first lady, Eva Peron, died in Buenos Aires at age 33.

Ref: 68

Chaim Weizmann, the Zionist leader and first president of the state of Israel, dies.

Ref: 70

Victor E Orlando Italian premier (1917-19), dies at 92.

Ref: 5

Marcos Perez Jiménez elected President of Venezuela.

Ref: 5

Isaak Ben-Zwi elected President of Israel.

Ref: 5

Yitzhak Ben-Zvi elected 2nd President of Israel.

Ref: 5

Hans Alders Dutch minister of environment (PvdA), is born.

Ref: 5

French government of Pinay, resigns.

Ref: 5

1953

Noach Zjordanija Georgian Premier (1918-21), dies at 84.

Ref: 5

Josip Broz Tito was elected president of Yugoslavia by the country's Parliament.

Ref: 18

Josef V Stalin, soviet leader responsible for 11 million murders, dies at 73, after 29 years in power.

Ref: 5

Upon Josef Stalin's death, Georgi Malenkov is named Soviet premier.

Ref: 2

Josef Stalin buried in Moscow.

Ref: 5

Mar 14

Klement Gottwald premier/President of Czechoslovakia, dies at 56.

Ref: 5

Antonín Zápotocky chosen as president of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 5

Raab forms his first government in Austria.

Ref: 5

French Government of Mayer resigns.

Ref: 5

Lebanese President Camille Shamun disbands government.

Ref: 5

Benazir Bhutto first female leader of a Moslem nation (Pakistan), is born.

Ref: 5

Jul 26

Fidel Castro began a revolt against Fulgencio Batista with an unsuccessful attack on an army barracks in eastern Cuba. Castro ousted Batista six years later.

Ref: 70

Sep 12

Nikita Khrushchev becomes first Secretary of USSR Communist Party.

Ref: 5

Israel's PM Ben-Gureon retires .

Ref: 5

1954

General Zahedi wins election in Persia.

Ref: 5

Syrian army drives out President Adib el-Shishakli.

Ref: 5

Abdul Nasser is appointed temporary Egyptian premier.

Ref: 18

Gregori Malenkov becomes premier of USSR.

Ref: 5

Achiel van Acker forms Belgian government.

Ref: 5

Military coup by General Alfredo Stroessner in Paraguay.

Ref: 5

Chiang Kai-shek becomes president of Nationalist China.

Ref: 5

Aug 19

Alcide De Gasperi, Italian prime minister (1945-53), dies at age 73.

Ref: 70

Aug 24

Getulio Vargas, the Brazilian president who used dictatorial powers to modernize his country, dies.

Ref: 70

Nov 17

Colonel Nasser becomes official Egyptian Premier

Ref: 18

Japanese government of Joshida resigns.

Ref: 5

Jayaseelan Naidoo South African worker's union leader, is born.

Ref: 5

1955

José Ramon Guizado becomes President of Panamá.

Ref: 5

Jonkheer Reneke de Marees van Swinderen Dutch minister (1908-13), dies at 94.

Ref: 5

Joannes A Veraart Dutch judge/MP, (Jews in Netherlands), dies at 68.

Ref: 5

Joe Doherty Ireland, IRA activist (jailed in US), is born.

Ref: 5

Jan 21

Maarten P Vrij Dutch lawyer/criminologist/High Council, dies at 59.

Ref: 5

Jan 29

Hans Hedtoft premier of Denmark (1947-55), dies at 51.

Ref: 5

H C Hansen appointed premier of Denmark.

Ref: 5

Malenkov resigns as USSR premier, Bulganin replaces him.

Ref: 5

I Hatojama recognized as premier of Japan.

Ref: 5

Giovanni Gronchi elected President of Italy.

Ref: 5

Dimitra Papandreau Greece, wife of Greek PM Andreas Papandreau, is born.

Ref: 5

Dutch Government of Drees resigns.

Ref: 5

Jordan government of Tewfik Abdul Huda resigns.

Ref: 5

May 30

Said el-Mufti forms Jordan Government.

Ref: 5

Sep 19

President Juan Peron of Argentina was ousted after a revolt by the army and navy.

Ref: 70

Turkish government of Menderes forms.

Ref: 5

1956

Grace Kelly announces engagement to Prince Ranier

Ref: 62

Samir el-Rifai forms government in Jordan.

Ref: 5

Juscelino Kubitschek becomes President of Brazil.

Ref: 5

Trevor A Manuel South African UDF/ANC-leader, is born.

Ref: 5

Samir el-Rifai forms government in Jordan.

Ref: 5

R Lacoste follows Catroux as premier of Algeria.

Ref: 5

Urho Kekkonen appointed President of Finland.

Ref: 5

Feb 29

Elpidio Quirino President of Philippines (1949-53), dies at 65.

Ref: 5

Mar 03

Indonesian government of Harahap resigns.

Ref: 5

Alina Castro Havana Cuba, daughter of Fidel, is born.

Ref: 5

M Bandaranaike's People's front wins election in Ceylon.

Ref: 5

Bulgaria premier Tchervenkov resigns.

Ref: 5

Grace Kelly, actress, marries Prince Rainier of Monaco in a civil service. A church wedding was the next day

Ref: 70

Actress Grace Kelly became Princess Grace of Monaco on this day in a civil ceremony. The beloved U.S. actress from Philadelphia married Prince Rainier III of Monaco in a storybook wedding. More than 1,500 radio, TV, newspaper and magazine reporters were on hand for the event in Monaco, as were most of the citizens of the tiny country.

Ref: 4

Burma Premier U Nu's Volksliga voor Vrijheid loses election.

Ref: 5

Jordan government of Samir resigns.

Ref: 5

Jordan government of Said el-Mufti forms.

Ref: 5

Jun 24

Gamal Abdul Nasser elected president of Egypt.

Ref: 18

Nov 14

Juan Negrin, Spanish Republican prime minister during Spanish Civil War, dies at age 62.

Ref: 70

Indonesian Vice-President Mohammed Hatta, resigns.

Ref: 5

1957

Theodor Körner von Siegringen Austrian President (1951-57), dies at 84.

Ref: 5

Mohammed Valli Moosa South African leader (UDF), is born.

Ref: 5

Eamon de Valera's Fianna Fail-party wins election in Ireland.

Ref: 5

Mar 17

Ramon Magsaysay, Philippine president (1953-7), dies at age 49 in a plane crash.

Ref: 70

Gheorge Tatarescu premier Romania (1933-37, 39-40), dies.

Ref: 5

Jordanian government of Naboelsi resigns.

Ref: 5

Ibrahim Hashim forms Jordanian government.

Ref: 5

Luis Samoza is inaugurated as president of Nicaragua.

Ref: 17

Adolf Schärf elected President of Austria.

Ref: 5

Italian Government of Segni resigns.

Ref: 5

Gabriel Paris forms Government of Colombia.

Ref: 5

Adone Zoli forms Italian Government.

Ref: 5

French Government of Mollet resigns.

Ref: 5

1958

Waverley John Anderson Scotland, Viscount/Governor of Bengal, dies at 75.

Ref: 5

Peter R Mokaba president (South African Youth Congress), is born.

Ref: 5

Dr Petru Groza premier of Romania, dies at 74.

Ref: 5

Dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez flees Venezuela, Larrazábal takes power.

Ref: 5

Ferenc Münnich follows Kádár as premier of Hungary.

Ref: 5

Gamel Abdel Nasser was nominated to become the first president of the new United Arab Republic.

Ref: 70

Edgar Whitehead succeeds Garfield Todd as premier of South Rhodesia.

Ref: 5

Feb 12

General Miguel Ydegoras Fuentes elected President of Guatemala.

Ref: 5

Egypt-Syria as UAR elect Nasser President (99.9% vote).

Ref: 5

Arturo Frondizi elected President of Argentina.

Ref: 5

Arturo Frondizi sworn in as President of Argentina.

Ref: 5

Alberto Lleras Camargo chosen President of Colombia.

Ref: 5

French Government of Pflimlin resigns/200,000 demonstrate against De Gaulle.

Ref: 5

Ferenc Münnich follows Kádár as premier of Hungary.

Ref: 5

Finnish government of Fagerholm, resigns.

Ref: 5

Rómulo Bétancourt elected President of Venezuela.

Ref: 5

4th (last) Dutch government of Drees falls.

Ref: 5

Dutch social democratic party-ministers/premier Drees dismissed.

Ref: 5

Dec 21

Charles De Gaulle wins 7 year term as first President of 5th Republic of France.

Ref: 5

2nd Dutch Beel government forms.

Ref: 5

Abdallah Ibrahim forms government of Morocco.

Ref: 5

Cuban dictator Batista flees.

Ref: 5

1959

Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista flees.

Ref: 5

Fidel Castro and Che Guevara enter Havana, Cuba in triumph.

Ref: 17

Fidel Castro is interviewed by Edward R Murrow.

Ref: 5

Daniel F Malan premier of South Africa (1948-54), dies at 84.

Ref: 5

Miro Cardon, premier of Cuba, resigns.

Ref: 5

Antonio Segni forms Italian government.

Ref: 5

Fidel Castro names himself Cuba's premier after overthrowing Batista.

Ref: 5

Barthelemy Boganda Central African Republic's first President, dies.

Ref: 5

Japan's Crown Prince Akihito marries commoner Michiko Shoda.

Ref: 5

Apr 16

Datu Abdul Rozak inaugurated as premier of Malaysia federation.

Ref: 5

Liu Sjau-chi elected President of People's Rebublic of China.

Ref: 5

Oscar Torp Norwegian premier, dies.

Ref: 5

Jan de Quay becomes premier of Netherlands.

Ref: 5

Dec 14

Archbishop Makarios is elected the first President of Cyprus.

Ref: 5

Maria Baers Flemish social female worker/senator, dies at 76.

Ref: 5

1960

Friedrich Adler Austria social-democrat, assasinated PM Stürgkh, dies in Zürich at 80.

Ref: 5

Patrice Lumumba sentenced to 6 months in Belgian Congo.

Ref: 5

Marshal Ayub Khan elected President of Pakistan.

Ref: 5

Keith Musa[kawukhathi] Zondi South Africa head (Inkatha Youth Brigade), is born.

Ref: 5

Italian government of Segni falls.

Ref: 5

U Nu elected premier of Burma.

Ref: 5

South African premier Verwoerd wounded in battle.

Ref: 5

South Korean President Syngman Rhee resigns.

Ref: 5

Leonid Brezhnev replaces Kliment Voroshilov as President of the USSR.

Ref: 5

Jul 21

Sirimavo Bandaranaike becomes the first woman prime minister of Ceylon.

Ref: 2

Sep 05

Leopold Sedar Sengingor, poet and politician, is elected president of Senegal, Africa.

Ref: 2

Patrice Lumumba caught in the Congo.

Ref: 5

A rightist government is installed under Prince Boun Oum in Laos as the United States resumes arms shipments.

Ref: 2

De Quay's Dutch government falls.

Ref: 5

Zindzi Mandela daughter of Nelson & Winnie Mandela, is born.

Ref: 5

1961

Yugoslav ex-Vice-President Milovan Djilas flees.

Ref: 5

David Ben-Gurion resigns as premier of Israel.

Ref: 5

Joseph Ileo appointed premier of Congo.

Ref: 5

Aklilou Habtewold becomes 1st premier of Ethiopia

Ref: 5

Premier Moïse Tsjombe of Katanga arrested in Congo.

Ref: 5

Aug 05

Sir Sidney Holland PM of New Zealand (1949-57), dies at 67.

Ref: 5

Sep 10

Jomo Kenyatta returns to Kenya from exile, during which he had been elected president of the Kenya National African Union.

Ref: 2

Sep 17

Adnan Menderes PM of Turkey (1950-60), dies at 62.

Ref: 5

Oct 24

Dr Milan Stoyadinovich Fascist Yugoslavia PM (1935-9), dies at 73.

Ref: 5

Oct 31

The body of Joseph Stalin is removed from public display (in Stalin’s Tomb). The longtime dictator of the former Soviet Union was reburied in a simple grave. This incident was the beginning of the USSR’s ‘destalinization’ policy.

Ref: 4

Indonesian President Sukarno proclaims general mobilization.

Ref: 5

1962

Diego Martínez Barrio Spanish president (1939), dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Mar 23

Josephus RH van Schaik lawyer/vice-premier of Netherlands, dies at 80.

Ref: 5

Argentine President Frondizi flees from the army.

Ref: 5

Yugoslav ex-president Milovan Djilas returns to jail.

Ref: 5

Antonio Segni elected President of Italy.

Ref: 5

Antonio Segni becomes President of Italy.

Ref: 5

Ex-President Milovan Djilas sentenced to 5 years.

Ref: 5

Sep 27

Francisco Brochado da Rocha PM of Brazil (1962), dies at 52.

Ref: 5

Oct 11

Rene Coty President of France, dies at 80.

Ref: 5

In its first free election in 38 years, the Dominican Republic chooses leftist Juan Bosch Gavino as president.

Ref: 2

1963

Leonardus G Kortenhorst Dutch MP (KVP), dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Feb 12

Argentina asks extradition of Ex-President Peron.

Ref: 5

Susuga Malietoa Tanumafili II becomes chief of Western Samoa.

Ref: 5

Itzhak Ben-Zvi, second president of Israel (1952-63), dies at age 78.

Ref: 5

"Jopie" Pengel forms government in Suriname.

Ref: 5

Sukarno appointed President of Indonesia.

Ref: 5

Greek parliament leader Lambrakis injured.

Ref: 5

Jomo Kenyatta elected first prime minister of Kenya.

Ref: 5

Jomo Kenyatta becomes first PM of Kenya.

Ref: 5

Jun 16

Levi Eshkol replaces David Ben-Gurion as Israeli PM.

Ref: 5

Aldo Moro forms Italian government.

Ref: 5

Argentina asks for extradition of ex-President Peron.

Ref: 5

Jomo Kenyatta becomes Prime Minister of Kenya.

Ref: 10

Hubert Pierlot Belgian advocate/premier (1939-45), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Massemba-Debate elected President of Congo-Brazzaville.

Ref: 5

1964

Ayub Khan elected President of Pakistan.

Ref: 5

Julius Raab Austrian chancellor (1953-61), dies at 72.

Ref: 5

Jan 22

Kenneth Kaunda becomes premier of North-Rhodesia (Zambia).

Ref: 5

Sophocles Venizelos premier of Greece (1944, 50-51), dies at 69.

Ref: 5

Papandreou government takes power in Greece.

Ref: 5

Austrian chancellor Alfons Gorbach resigns.

Ref: 5

President Jango Goulart of Brazil is chased out of office by military.

Ref: 5

Josef Klaus succeeds Alfons Gorbach as chancellor of Austria.

Ref: 5

Military coup in Brazil by General Castello Branco, President Goulart ousted.

Ref: 5

Ian D Smith becomes premier of Rhodesia.

Ref: 5

Ian Smith becomes premier of Rhodesia.

Ref: 5

Otto V Kuusinen President of Karelo-Finnish Soviet Republic (1940-56), dies 82.

Ref: 5

Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister (1947-64) after its independence, dies at age 74.

Ref: 4

Jawaharlal Nehru cremated in New Dehli.

Ref: 5

Brazil sends Juan Peron back to Spain, foiling his efforts to return to his native land.

Ref: 2

President Segni of Italy resigns.

Ref: 5

Levi Eshkol forms Israeli government.

Ref: 5

Olafur Thors, Icelandic Prime Minister, dies at age 72.

Ref: 70

1965

Jan 21

Persians premier Ali Mansoer injured.

Ref: 5

Ali Mansoer premier of Persia, murdered.

Ref: 5

Gheorge Gheorghiu Dej Romanian President , dies at 63.

Ref: 5

Turkish government of Uergüplü forms.

Ref: 5

Dutch Marijnen government resigns.

Ref: 5

Adolf Schärf President of Austria (1957-65), dies at 74.

Ref: 5

Gamal Abdel Nasser is re-elected Egyptian President.

Ref: 2

Chivu Stoica becomes President of the Council of Romanian People's Republic & Nicolae Ceausescu appointed first Secretary of Romanian communist party.

Ref: 5

D Senanayake wins general elections in Ceylon (Sri Lanka).

Ref: 5

Military coup under Donald Reid Cabral in Dominican Republic.

Ref: 5

May 09

Leopold Figl premier Austria, dies at 62.

Ref: 5

Franz Jonas elected president of Austria.

Ref: 5

Jul 19

Syngman Rhee, First president of the Republic of Korea (South Korea), dies at age 90.

Ref: 70

Aug 13

Hayato Ikeda, Japanese prime minister (1960-4), dies at age 65.

Ref: 70

Nov 16

William Cosgrave, Irish statesman and first president, dies at age 85.

Ref: 70

Joseph Mobutu assumes presidency of the Congo ousting Joseph Kasavubu.

Ref: 10

Ending an election campaign marked by bitterness and violence, Ferdinand Marcos is declared president of the Philippines.

Ref: 2

Ferdinand E. Marcos is sworn in as the Philippine Republic's sixth president.

Ref: 2

1966

Colonel Sangoule Lamizana assumes poer in upper Volta after a coup d'etat.

Ref: 17

Lal Bahadur Shastri Indian premier (1964-66), dies at 61.

Ref: 5

Jan 19

Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, was appointed India’s prime minister. Following the death of her father (May 1964), Gandhi had become minister of information and broadcasting in Lal Bahadur Shastri’s government. Gandhi succeeded him as prime minister this day, after he died suddenly. The following year she was elected to a 5-year term by the Parliament members of the dominant Congress party. She led her party to a landslide victory in the national elections of 1971. Indira Gandhi was assassinated Oct 31, 1984 by Sikh members of her security guard.

Ref: 4

Feb 10

Harmel government in Belgium resigns.

Ref: 5

Premier Obote grabs power in Uganda.

Ref: 5

Aldo Moro forms Italian government.

Ref: 5

Military coup in Syria ends Bitar government.

Ref: 5

Coup ousts President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.

Ref: 5

Sutan Sjahrir premier of Indonesia (1945-47), dies at 57.

Ref: 5

Väinö A Tanner Finnish premier (1926-27)/minister, dies at 85.

Ref: 5

Nov 23

Sean O'Kelly, Irish president (1945-59) and leader of the Sinn Fein Party, dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

Georg Kiesinger elected West German chancellor.

Ref: 5

Christian A Herter US Minister of Foreign affairs (1959-61), dies at 71.

Ref: 5

1967

Anastasio Somoza elected President of Nicaragua.

Ref: 5

Mohammed H Mossadeq premier of Persia (1951-53), dies.

Ref: 5

Indonesian congress deprives President Sukarno of authority.

Ref: 5

Marshal Arturo da Costa e Silva sworn in as President of Brazil.

Ref: 5

Dutch De Young government forms.

Ref: 5

Luis Somoza Debayle President of Nicaragua (1956-63), dies at 44.

Ref: 5

General Gnassingbe Eyadema becomes President of Togo.

Ref: 5

Konrad Adenaur, the first president of post-war Germany, dies at age 91.

Ref: 15

Military coup in Greece, Konstantinos Kollias becomes premier.

Ref: 5

Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes President of Nicaragua.

Ref: 5

Zakir Hussain elected first Moslem President of India.

Ref: 5

Aug 25

Stanley Bruce, Australian statesman and diplomat; prime minister (1923-29), dies at age 84.

Ref: 5

Ex-President Sukarno under house arrest in Indonesia.

Ref: 5

Nicolae Ceausescu becomes President (dictator) of Romania.

Ref: 5

Unsuccessful coup against Greek King Constantine II.

Ref: 5

Harold Holt, Australian premier (1966-67), drowns at 59.

Ref: 5

1968

Joseph Pholien Belgian PM (1950-52) communist fighter, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Alecander Dubcek succeeds President Antonin Novotny as party leader of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 5

Theophilus E Dönges South African Internal minister, dies at 69.

Ref: 5

Belgium government of Vanden Boeynants falls.

Ref: 5

Makarios re-elected President of Cyprus.

Ref: 5

Camille Huysmans Belgian premier (1946-47), dies at 96.

Ref: 5

Jarmila Novotna resigns presidency of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 5

Mar 27

Suharto succeeds Sukarno as President of Indonesia

Ref: 5

General Ludvik Svoboda elected President of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 5

Czechoslovakia Cernik government forms.

Ref: 5

Polish Marshal Spychalski succeeds Ochab as president.

Ref: 5

Oct 03

Military coup overthrows Pres Fernando Bela£nde Terry in Peru.

Ref: 5

Nov 01

Georgios Papandreou, Greek Prime Minister three times, dies at age 80.

Ref: 70

Gonzalo Barrios elected President of Venezuela.

Ref: 5

President Da Costa e Silva of Brazil disbands parliament/grabs power.

Ref: 5

1969

The Palestine National Congress appoints Yasser Arafat head of PLO.

Ref: 17

Eduardo C Mondlane President of Mozambique, murdered.

Ref: 5

Suriname government of Pengel resigns.

Ref: 5

Feb 17

Russian-born, Milwaukee-raised Golda Meir (n‚e Mabovitch [Myerson]), 70, was sworn in as Israel's first female prime minister. (She would hold the office for five embattled years.)

Ref: 5

Dragisa Cvetkovic Serbian premier of (Yugoslavia 1939-4.), dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Abd al-Aziz Abd al-Rahman al-Faisal al-Saud King Saudia, dies at 67.

Ref: 5

Feb 26

Levi Eshkol [Sjkolnik], Israeli premier, dies; Golda Meir takes over 3/17.

Ref: 5

General Hafez al-Assad becomes head of Syria via military coup.

Ref: 5

Gustav Heinemann elected President of West-Germany.

Ref: 5

Mar 17

Golda Meir, a Milwaukee high school teacher, was sworn in as the fourth premier of Israel.

Ref: 4

Joseph Kasavubu President of Congo (1960-65), dies at about 55.

Ref: 5

Mar 25

Pakistan General Agha Mohammed Jagja Khan succeeds Ayub Chan as President.

Ref: 5

Romulo Gallegos, Venezuelan novelist and president (1948), dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

Rómulo Gallegos Venezuela author/President (1947-48), dies at 84.

Ref: 5

South African President Frederik de Klerk marries Marike Willemse.

Ref: 5

Czechoslovak Communist Party chairman Alexander Dubcek is deposed.

Ref: 5

Arturo da Costa e Silva President of Brazil (1967-69), dies at 67.

Ref: 5

1970

Colonel Kadhaffi becomes premier of Libya.

Ref: 5

Lubomír Strougal succeeds Cernik as premier of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 5

Heinrich Bruning, German statesman, chancellor and foreign minister, dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

Josina Machel wife of Mozambique's first President Samora Machel, dies.

Ref: 5

Bruno Kreisky becomes first socialist chancellor of Austria.

Ref: 5

Jun 18

Edward Heath elected British prime minister.

Ref: 10

Sukarno, Indonesian statesman; leader of independence movement and first president (1949-66), dies at age 69.

Ref: 70

The sultan of Muscat and Oman was deposed by his son

Ref: 62

Sep 28

Nasser Egyptian President, dies of a heart attack at 52. He is replaced by Anwar Sadat.

Ref: 5

Oct 16

Anwar Sadat is elected president of Egypt, succeeding the late Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Ref: 70

Salvador Allende is inaugurated as president of Chile.

Ref: 18

Nov 13

Lt Gen Hafez al-Assad becomes PM of Syria following military coup.

Ref: 5

Luis Echeverria Alvarez sworn in as President of México.

Ref: 5

Edward Gierek succeeds Wladyslaw Gomulka as Poland's party leader.

Ref: 5

1971

Major-General Idi Amin deposes President Obote in Uganda.

Ref: 17

Mátyás Rákosi Hungarian premier (1952-56), dies at 78.

Ref: 5

Major General Idi Amin Dada appoints himself President of Uganda.

Ref: 5

Feb 22

Lieutenant General Hafiz al-Assad becomes President of Syria.

Ref: 5

Syrian premier Hafez Assad elected President.

Ref: 5

Turkish Government of Demirel forced to resign by Army.

Ref: 5

Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, Haitian dictator (1957-1971), dies at age 64.

Ref: 68

"Papa Doc” François Duvalier dies.

Ref: 17

William Tubman President of Liberia (1944-71), dies at 76.

Ref: 5

May 03

Erich Honecker succeeds Walter Ulbricht as East German party leader.

Ref: 5

Godfrey Malvern, English-born prime minister of Southern Rhodesia (1933-53), dies at age 87.

Ref: 70

Jun 14

Carlos Garcia, Philippine president (1957-61), dies at age 74.

Ref: 70

William V.S. Tubman (Whig), Liberian statesman and 17th Liberian President (1943-70), dies at age 75,

Ref: 70

Former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev died at age 77 of a heart attack.

Ref: 5

Zayid bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan of Abu Dhabi becomes President of UAE.

Ref: 5

Jozef Cals Dutch Minister of Education/premier (1965-66), dies at 57.

Ref: 5

Pakistan President Yahya Khan resigns.

Ref: 5

1972

William Tolbert, Jr is inaugurated as President of Liberia.

Ref: 17

Sheik Mujib ur-Rahman arrives in Dacca, East-Pakistan.

Ref: 5

Abu Sayeed Chudhury becomes president & sheik Mujib ur-Rahman premier.

Ref: 5

Birenda, becomes leader of Nepal.

Ref: 5

President Velasco Ibarra of Ecuador deposed for 4th time.

Ref: 5

Giulio Andreotti sworn in as premier of Italy.

Ref: 5

Feb 22

Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani becomes Amir & Prime Minister of Qatar.

Ref: 5

Jean-Bédel Bokassa appoints himself President for life of Central African Republic.

Ref: 5

General Lon Nol becomes President & prince Sirik Matak premier of Cambodia.

Ref: 5

Heinrich Lübke West Germany President (1959-69), dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Antonio Segni Italian PM/President (1955-57, 59-60, 62-64), dies at 81.

Ref: 5

Dec 14

Willy Brandt re-elected West German chancellor.

Ref: 5

Belgium recognizes German Democratic Republic.

Ref: 5

Kim Il-song, becomes President of North Korea.

Ref: 5

1973

Cornelis van Dis Dutch MP (SGP), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

New Philippine constitution names Marcos president for life.

Ref: 5

Mar 07

Sheik Mujib ur-Rahman's Awami League wins election in Bangladesh.

Ref: 5

Mar 14

Liam Cosgrave appointed president of Ireland.

Ref: 5

Dutch Government of Uyl forms.

Ref: 5

Argentine Peronist Hector Cámpora installed as president.

Ref: 5

Aug 01

Walter Ulbricht, German Communist leader; led East Germany (1960-73), dies at age 80.

Ref: 70

Aug 06

Fulgencio Batista, Cuban dictator, dies at age 72.

Ref: 70

Chilean President Salvador Allende died in a violent military coup.

Ref: 5

Sep 23

Juan Peron is re-elected president of Argentina after being overthrown in 1955.

Ref: 2

Greek President George Papadopoulos was ousted in a bloodless military coup.

Ref: 5

David Ben-Gurion, Israel's first prime minister, died in Tel Aviv at age 87. (TWA, 1994)

Ref: 95

Dutch Antillean government of Evertsz forms.

Ref: 5

Ismet Inönü [Mustapha Ismet Pasha] Turkish PM (1923..65), dies at 89.

Ref: 5

1974

Arias Navarro succeeds Carrero Blanco as premier of Spain.

Ref: 5

Josef Smrkovsky Czechoslovakia parliament chairman, dies at 62.

Ref: 5

Ethiopian government of Makonnen forms.

Ref: 5

Brazilian President Garastazu Médici resigns.

Ref: 5

Mar 26

Romanian communist party names party leader Nicolae Ceausescu President.

Ref: 2

Golda Meir announced her resignation as prime minister of Israel.

Ref: 6

Yitzhak Rabin replaces resigning Israeli Prime Minister, Golda Meir.

Ref: 2

Military coup in Niger, President Diori Hamani deposed.

Ref: 5

Mohammad Ayub, President of Pakistan (1958-1969), dies at age 66.

Ref: 70

Mohammed Ayub Khan premier/President (Pakistan), dies.

Ref: 5

Leo Tindemans forms Belgium government.

Ref: 5

Marcello Caetano overthrown in Portugal; he is exiled to Madeira and later to Brazil (Carnation revolution).

Ref: 5

West German chancellor W Brandt resigns.

Ref: 5

Helmut Schmidt becomes West German chancellor.

Ref: 5

Jun 11

Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Brazilian soldier and president; helped restore constitutional democracy, dies at age 89.

Ref: 70

Jul 01

Juan (Domingo) Peron President of Argentina [1946-1955] [1973-1974], dies at age 78.

Ref: 4

Haile Selassie I is deposed from the Ethiopian throne.

Ref: 2

Nov 17

Erskine (Hamilton) Childers, Irish statesman and fourth president (1973-74), dies at age 68.

Ref: 70

1975

Elizabeth Domitien is named the first woman premier in Africa by the President of the Central African Republic, Jean-Bedel Bokassa.

Ref: 17

Parliament disposes of premier sheik Mujib ur-Rahman.

Ref: 5

Antonin Novótny Czechoslovakian President (1957-68), dies at 70.

Ref: 5

Chivu Stoica [Stoica Chivu), premier of Romania (1955-61), dies at 66.

Ref: 5

Ali Sastroamidjojo Indonesian attorney/minister/premier, dies at 71.

Ref: 5

Cambodia President Lon Nol flees for Red Khmer.

Ref: 5

Chiang Kai-shek first constitutional President of the Republic of China; Chinese army general; dies from a heart attack at 87.

Ref: 4

Victor Marijnen Dutch premier (1963-65), dies at 58.

Ref: 5

Chiang Kai-Shek Nationalist Chinese leader, dies at 87.

Ref: 5

N'garta Tombalbaye President Chad, dies.

Ref: 5

Jun 26

Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is convicted of election fraud.

Ref: 2

Jun 26

Indian PM Indira Gandhi declares a state of emergency.

Ref: 5

Aug 26

Haile Selassie I, the emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, dies.

Ref: 70

Aug 27

Haile Selassie, the last emperor of Ethiopia's 3,000-year-old monarchy, died in Addis Ababa at age 83 almost a year after he was overthrown in a military coup.

Ref: 5

Aug 29

Eamon de Valera, Irish politician and patriot; prime minister (1932-48; 1951-4) and president (1957-9), dies at age 92.

Ref: 70

Oct 26

Anwar Sadat became the first Egyptian president to pay an official visit to the United States.

Ref: 5

Oct 30

Juan Carlos assumes power in Spain.

Ref: 5

Nov 11

Australian PM removed by crown (1st elected PM removed in 200 years).

Ref: 5

Nov 20

After nearly four decades of absolute rule, Spain's Gen. Francisco Franco died, two weeks before his 83rd birthday.

Ref: 70

Otto AP Furst von Bismarck-Schonhausen German diplomat, dies at 78.

Ref: 5

1976

Chou En-lai China's PM (1949-76), dies of cancer in Beijing at 78.

Ref: 5

Hua Guofeng becomes premier of China PR.

Ref: 5

General Murtala Mohammed head of Nigeria, killed during a coup.

Ref: 5

Mar 16

British premier Harold Wilson resigns.

Ref: 5

The president of Argentina, Isabel Peron, was deposed by her country's military.

Ref: 5

Cambodia's Khieu Sampan succeeds prince Sihanouk as premier.

Ref: 5

China's leadership deposed Deputy Prime Minister Deng Xiaoping.

Ref: 70

Mao Tse-Tung (Zedong) communist-revolutionist: founding father of the People's Republic of China; dies in Beijing at age 82.

Ref: 4

Oct 12

Hua Guo-feng succeeds Mao Tse-tung as chairman of Communist Party.

Ref: 5

Bangladesh General Ziaur Rahman declares himself president.

Ref: 5

Jamaica premier Manley wins elections.

Ref: 5

Takeo Fukuda became prime minister of Japan. He was the political boss until Dec 1978.

Ref: 4

Winnie Mandela banished in South Africa.

Ref: 5

1977

Abdul Razak bin Hussain premier of Malaysia (1970-77), dies at 53.

Ref: 5

Louis J M Beel Dutch premier (1946-48, 58-59), dies at 74.

Ref: 5

Willem Schermerhorn Dutch premier (1945-46), dies at 82.

Ref: 5

Mar 20

Premier Indira Gandhi loses election in India.

Ref: 2

Indira Gandhi resigns as the Prime Minister of India.

Ref: 5

Morarji Desai forms government in India.

Ref: 5

Zia ur-Rahman appointed President of Bangladesh.

Ref: 5

Simon Peres becomes premier of Israel.

Ref: 5

Menahem Begins Likoed-party wins election in Israel.

Ref: 5

Menachem Begin becomes Israel's Prime Minister.

Ref: 5

May 24

USSR President Podgorny resigns.

Ref: 5

Menachem Begin becomes Israel's sixth prime minister.

Ref: 70

Portugal's premier Soares resigns.

Ref: 5

Amir Sheikh Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah becomes leader of Kuwait.

Ref: 5

1978

Willem Bruynzeel Dutch timber/lumber/wood manufacturer, dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Crown Prince Sad Abdallah al-Salim Al Sabah becomes PM of Kuwait.

Ref: 5

Yitzhak Navron elected 5th president of Israel.

Ref: 5

Sir Robert Menzies, Australian prime minister (1939-41, 1949-66), dies at age 83.

Ref: 70

Aug 22

Jomo Kenyatta president of Kenya, dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Oct 11

Aristides Royo elected president of Panama.

Ref: 5

Nov 05

Iranian PM Jaafar Sharif-Emami resigns to Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.

Ref: 5

Golda Meir, served as Israel's PM from 1969-74, dies in Jerusalem at 80.

Ref: 5

India's former PM, Indira Gandhi, released from jail.

Ref: 5

Houari Boumidiene Algerian President, dies after 40 days in a coma at 53.

Ref: 5

Houari Boumédiene Algerian President, dies after 40 days in a coma at 53.

Ref: 5

Shah of Iran, asks Shapour Bahktiar to form a civilian government.

Ref: 5

Iran shah names Chapour Bakhtiar premier.

Ref: 5

1979

Shahpur Bakhtiar is inaugurated as president of Iran, prompting antigovernment riots.

Ref: 17

Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi of Iran flees Iran for Egypt.

Ref: 5

Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi flees Iran.

Ref: 5

Colonel Benjedid Chadli succeeds President Boumédienne in Algeria.

Ref: 5

Followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini seized power in Iran, nine days after the religious leader returned to his home country following 15 years of exile.

Ref: 70

President Zia ur-Rahmans National Party wins elections in Bangladesh.

Ref: 5

Molla Mustafa Barzani, Iranian Kurd leader (KDP), dies at 75. (TWA, 1980)

Ref: 95

Mollah Mustafa Barzani Kurdish leader, dies at 75.

Ref: 5

Belgium's Martens government forms.

Ref: 5

Ex-premier Pol Jar flees out of Cambodia.

Ref: 5

Idi Amin was deposed as president of Uganda as rebels and exiles backed by Tanzanian forces seized control.

Ref: 70

Yusuf Lule becomes premier of Uganda.

Ref: 5

Jean-Claude Duvalier ("Baby Doc”) named President of Haiti on death of his father, "Papa Doc.”

Ref: 10

Rhodesian bishop Muzorewa wins general election.

Ref: 5

West-Germany elects Karl Carstens president.

Ref: 5

Bishop Abel Muzorewa is sworn in as Zimbabwe's first black PM.

Ref: 5

Aug 03

President Masie Nguema Biyogo of Equatorial Guinea is overthrown in a coup led by his nephew, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.

Ref: 17

Sep 20

Jean-Bedel Bokassa, self-styled head of the Central African Empire, was overthrown in a French-supported coup while on a visit to Libya.

Ref: 2

Ireland premier Jack Lynch resigns.

Ref: 5

Dirk Uipko Stikker Dutch CEO (Heineken)/Secretary-General NATO, dies at 82.

Ref: 5

Rudi [Rudolf] Dutschke German student leader, dies at 39.

Ref: 5

President Hafizullah Amin of Afghanistan is ousted and murdered in a coup, replaced by Babrak Karmal, all backed by the Soviet Union, beginning a war that will last more than 10 years.

Ref: 2

1980

Premier Adbou Diouf becomes President of Senegal.

Ref: 5

Pietro Nenni Italian politician (Socialists), dies at 88.

Ref: 5

Bani Sadr elected President of Iran.

Ref: 5

Abolhassan Bani-Sadr was installed as president of Iran by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

Ref: 5

Robert Vandekerckhove Belgian politician, dies at 62.

Ref: 5

Coup ousts PM Henck Arron of Suriname.

Ref: 5

Robert Mugabe's ZANU-PF wins elections in Zimbabwe.

Ref: 5

Mar 04

Robert Mugabe's ZANU-PF wins parliamentary election in Zimbabwe.

Ref: 5

Ton Duc Thang, Vietnamese communist leader; succeeded Ho Chi Minh, dies at age 91.

Ref: 70

Belgium's Marten's government resigns.

Ref: 5

William R Tolbert Jr Liberian President & 27 others killed in coup.

Ref: 5

Marshal Josip Broz Tito, president of Yugoslavia (1943-80), dies. (also TWA, 1981)

Ref: 68

Josip Tito, Yugoslav President, buried.

Ref: 5

Belgium 3rd Government of Martens forms.

Ref: 5

Fernando Belaunde Terry elected President of Peru.

Ref: 5

Jul 27

On day 267 of the Iranian hostage crisis, the deposed Shah of Iran, Mohammed Riza Pahlevi, dies at a military hospital outside Cairo, Egypt, at age 60. (TWA, 1981)

Ref: 95

Jul 28

Fernando Bela£nde Terry becomes president of Peru.

Ref: 5

Jul 29

A state funeral is held in Cairo, Egypt for the deposed Shah of Iran, who had died two days earlier. (XDG, p 4A, 7/29/2000)

Ref: 83

Oct 31

Reza Pahlavi, eldest son of the late shah, proclaimed himself the rightful successor to the Peacock Throne.

Ref: 6

Francisco Sá Carneiro PM of Portugal (1980), dies in air crash.

Ref: 5

Christian Democrat Jose Napoleon Duarte was named the president of El Salvador's new government.

Ref: 6

The government of the Soviet Union confirms that former Premier Alexei N. Kosygin had died two days earlier at the age of 76.

Ref: 5

Senegal President Leopold Senghor resigns.

Ref: 5

1981

Premier Abdou Diouf is named President of Senegal.

Ref: 17

Francisco Balsamao elected President of Portugal.

Ref: 5

Gro Harlem Brundtland elected premier of Norway.

Ref: 5

Francisco Balsamao elected President of Portugal.

Ref: 5

Polish premier Jozef Pinkowski replaced by Wojciech Jaruzelski.

Ref: 5

L Calvo Sotelo elected premier of Spain.

Ref: 5

Mar 20

Argentine ex-President Isabel Perón sentenced to 8 years.

Ref: 5

Eric Williams Prime Minister (Trinidad & Tobago), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Belgium's 4th government of Martens resigns.

Ref: 5

Belgium Eyskens government forms.

Ref: 5

May 12

Benjamin H Sheares President of Singapore, dies.

Ref: 5

François Mitterrand becomes President of France.

Ref: 5

May 24

Jaime Roldós Aguilera President of Ecuador, dies in air crash.

Ref: 5

Jun 29

Hu Yaobang, a protege of Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, was elected Communist Party chairman, replacing Mao Tse-tung's handpicked successor, Hua Guofeng.

Ref: 6

Jul 30

The leader of Panama, General Omar Torrijos, was killed in a plane crash. (TWA, 1982)

Ref: 95

Jul 31

Gen Omar Torrijos leader of Panama, dies in plane crash.

Ref: 5

Oct 07

Egypt's parliament named Vice President Hosni Mubarak to succeed the assassinated Anwar Sadat.

Ref: 70

Oct 10

Anwar Sadat's funeral service is held in Cairo.

Ref: 5

Oct 13

Egyptians voted in a referendum to elect Vice President Hosni Mubarak the new president, one week after the assassination of Anwar Sadat.

Ref: 70

Nicolaas "Cola" Debrot Governor of Dutch Antilles (1962-70), dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Argentine President/General Roberto Viola flees.

Ref: 5

Mehmet Shehu PM Albania (1954-81)/"US-Russian spy", commits suicide.

Ref: 5

Argentine General Leopoldo Galtieri sworn in as president.

Ref: 5

1982

Dr Roberto Suazo Cordova is inaugurated as President of Honduras.

Ref: 17

Jan 22

Eduardo Frei Montalva President of Chile (1964-70), dies at 71.

Ref: 5

Mauno Koivisto elected President of Finland.

Ref: 5

Mauno Koivisto installed as President of Finland.

Ref: 5

Roberto S Cordova installed as President of Honduras.

Ref: 5

Suriname premier Chin A Sen flees.

Ref: 5

Suriname President Chin A Sen resigns & flees to Netherlands.

Ref: 5

Luis A Monge elected President of Costa Rica.

Ref: 5

Agatha Barbara elected as first female President of Malta.

Ref: 5

Alfredo Magana elected President of El Salvador.

Ref: 5

Alvaro Magana chosen to succeed Jose N Duarte as President of El Salvador.

Ref: 5

Salvador Jorge Blanco wins presidential election in Dominican Republic.

Ref: 5

Jun 13

Fahd becomes king of Saudi Arabia when King Khalid dies at 69.

Ref: 5

Jun 17

President Galtieri resigns after leading Argentina to defeat (in the Falkand Islands War against the British).

Ref: 5

Sep 14

Lebanon's president-elect, Bashir Gemayel, is killed by a bomb. (XDG, p 4A, 9/14/2000)

Ref: 83

Sep 21

Amin Gemayel, brother of Lebanon's assassinated president-elect, Bashir Gemayel, was himself elected president. (XDC, p 4A, 9/21/2002)

Ref: 83

Oct 01

West Germany's Parliament ousts chancellor Helmut Schmidt.

Ref: 5

Nov 26

Yasuhiro Nakasone is elected the 71st Japanese prime minister succeeding Zenko Suzuki.

Ref: 2

Mauno Koivisto installed as President of Finland.

Ref: 5

Roberto S Cordova installed as President of Honduras.

Ref: 5

Miguel de la Madrid inaugurated as President of México.

Ref: 5

1983

Fernando Schwalb Lopez Aldana is inaugurated as prime minister of Peru.

Ref: 17

Nikolaj V Podgorny president USSR, dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Bob Hawke (Labour) defeats Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser (Conservative).

Ref: 5

Chaim Herzog elected Israeli president.

Ref: 5

Soviet leader Yuri V. Andropov invited Samantha Smith to visit his country after receiving a letter in which the schoolgirl from Maine expressed fears about nuclear war.

Ref: 70

Miguel Aleman Valdes attorney/President of México (1946-52), dies at 80.

Ref: 5

May 24

Fred Sinowatz succeeds Bruno Kreisky as chancellor of Austria.

Ref: 5

Jun 09

Mario Soares is inaugurated as premier of Portugal.

Ref: 17

Aug 08

Brig Gen Efrain Rios Montt was deposed as president of Guatemela.

Ref: 5

Sep 10

John Vorster, prime minister of white-ruled South Africa from 1966 to 1978, dies in Cape Town at age 67. (XDG, p 4A, 9/10/2000)

Ref: 83

Raul Alfonsin inaugurated as Argentina's first civilian president.

Ref: 5

Houari Boumediene Algerian President dies after 40 days in a coma.

Ref: 5

1984

Major General Mohammed Buhari stages a bloodless coup in Nigeria.

Ref: 17

Argentine ex-president/General Bignone arrested.

Ref: 5

Suvanna Phuma premier of Laos, dies at 82.

Ref: 5

General Secretary Konstantin U Chernenko named President of Soviet Union.

Ref: 5

José Napoleon Duarte wins El Salvador presidential election.

Ref: 5

Nov 01

Rajiv Gandhi, son of Indira Gandhi, is sworn in as prime minister of India.

Ref: 3

Body of assassinated Indian PM Indira Gandhi cremated.

Ref: 5

Rajiv Gandhi's Congress party wins election in India.

Ref: 5

Indian PM Rajiv Gandhi claims victory in parliamentary elections.

Ref: 5

Rajiv Gandhi takes office as India's 6th PM succeeds his mom, Indira.

Ref: 5

1985

Daniel Ortega Saavedra inaugurated as President of Nicaragua.

Ref: 5

Civil rights activist, Tancredo Neves becomes first elected President of Brazil in 21 years.

Ref: 5

Konstantin U. Chernenko, Soviet leader for just 13 months, died at age 73. His death was announced on March 11th. Politburo member Mikhail S. Gorbachev was chosen to succeed him.

Ref: 70

Christos Sartzetakis elected President of Greece

Ref: 5

El Salvador's President Duartes Christian-Democrats win election

Ref: 5

A coup in Sudan ousts President Nimeiry and replaces him with General Dahab.

Ref: 2

Enver Hoxha party leader/premier of Albania, dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Alan Garcia wins elections in Peru.

Ref: 5

Enver Hoxha Albanian leader (1944-85), dies.

Ref: 5

Tancredo Neves President-elect of Brazil, dies at 75.

Ref: 5

Tage Erlander, Swedish prime minister (1946-69), dies at age 84.

Ref: 70

Sep 25

Akali Dal wins Punjab State election in India.

Ref: 5

Nov 06

General Jaruzelski elected Poland's head of state.

Ref: 5

Philippine Chief staff General Fabian speaks of B Aquino's murder.

Ref: 5

Carlos Romulo, Philippine diplomat, dies at age 86.

Ref: 70

A graying beard, olive-green uniform and Cuban cigar -- once trademarks of Fidel Castro -- were no more. The Cuban presidente announced that he was a non-smoker.

Ref: 4

1986

Jan 24

South Yemen Premier Haydar Bakr al-Attas becomes interim-president.

Ref: 5

Jan 29

Yoweri Museveni sworn in as President of Uganda.

Ref: 5

Feb 02

Oscar Arias Sanchez elected President of Costa Rica.

Ref: 5

Corazon Aquino & Ferdinand Marcos appear on "Nightline".

Ref: 5

Haitian President-for-Life Jean-Claude Duvalier fled his country, ending 28 years of his family's rule. Henri Namphy becomes leader of Haiti.

Ref: 70

Philippine Corazon Aquino defeats incumbent dictator Ferdinand Marcos but fraudulent returns gave the election to Marcos.

Ref: 5

Haydar Bakr al-Attas appointed President of South Yemen.

Ref: 5

Ferdinand Marcos wins rigged Philippines presidential election.

Ref: 5

Mário Soares (Socialist) elected Portugal's first civilian president.

Ref: 5

President Ferdinand E. Marcos fled the Philippines after 20 years of rule in the wake of a tainted election; Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency.

Ref: 5

Funeral services held for Swedish Prime Minister Olaf Palme.

Ref: 5

President Babrak Karmal resigns as party leader of Afghánistán.

Ref: 5

Argentine ex-President Galtieri sentenced to 12 years.

Ref: 5

Joaquín Balaguers PRSC wins Dominican Republic parliamentary election.

Ref: 5

Virgilio Barco elected President of Colombia.

Ref: 5

Jul 08

Kurt Waldheim was inaugurated as president of Austria despite controversy over his alleged ties to Nazi war crimes.

Ref: 70

Oct 10

Israel Prime Minister Shimon Peres resigns.

Ref: 5

President Machel killed in air crash in Mozambique.

Ref: 5

President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees Haïti.

Ref: 5

Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines, was named TIME magazine’s Man of the Year. The only other women who had been so named were Queen Elizabeth II in 1952; and the Duchess of Windsor, Wallis Warfield Simpson, in 1936.

Ref: 4

1987

Hassanali inaugurated as President of Trinidad & Tobago.

Ref: 5

Japan's premier Nakasone visits the US.

Ref: 5

May 09

Obafemi Awolowo Nigeria, President of Nigeria (1979-83), dies at 78.

Ref: 5

Corazon Aquino is elected President in the Philippines.

Ref: 5

Jun 01

Rashid Karami Lebanon, 10 time PM of Lebanon, dies at 65.

Ref: 5

Jun 01

Errol W Barrow PM of Barbados (1961-76), dies at 67.

Ref: 5

Sep 19

Einar Gerhardsen, Norwegian politician; prime minister four times between 1945 and 1965, dies at age 90.

Ref: 70

Roh Tae Woo wins Presidential Election in South Korea

Ref: 5

Czechoslovak party leader Gustav Husák resigns.

Ref: 5

Benazir Bhutto, Pakistan's future president, marries Asif Ali Zardari.

Ref: 5

John M "Joop" de Uyl Dutch social-democratic premier (1973-77), dies at 68.

Ref: 5

Premier Mugabe elected President of Zimbabwe.

Ref: 5

1988

Gaston Eyskens PM of Belgium (1949, 1958-61, 1968-72), dies at 82.

Ref: 5

Chiang Ching-kuo President of Taiwan (1978-88), dies at 81.

Ref: 5

Georgi M Malenkov PM of USSR (1953-55), dies at 86.

Ref: 68

Leslie Manigay elected President of Haiti.

Ref: 5

Ramsewak Shankar sworn in as President of Suriname.

Ref: 5

Carmen Franco, Spanish consort of Francisco Franco, dies at age 87.

Ref: 5

Alfredo Stroessner re-elected President of Paraguay.

Ref: 5

Kurt Georg Kiesinger West German chancellor (1966-69), dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Italy government of De Mita forms.

Ref: 5

May 09

Belgium: 8th Government of Martens forms.

Ref: 5

Willem Drees PM of Netherlands (1948-58), dies at 101.

Ref: 5

Károly Grósz succeeds party leader János Kádár in Hungary.

Ref: 5

Jun 11

Giuseppe Saragat president of Italy (1964-71), dies at 89

Ref: 5

Jul 06

Carlos Salinas de Gortari elected president of Mexico.

Ref: 5

Aug 10

Arias Arnulfo 3 time president of Panama, dies at 86

Ref: 5

Oct 21

A federal grand jury in NY indicted former Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos and his wife, Imelda, on charges of fraud and racketeering. Marcos died before he could be brought to trial; his widow, Imelda, was acquitted in 1990.

Ref: 70

Nov 02

Shamir Likud wins election in Israel.

Ref: 5

Nov 17

Benzir Bhutto wins election in Pakistan.

Ref: 5

Benazir Bhutto named first female PM of a Moslem country (Pakistan).

Ref: 5

Carlos Andrés Pérez re-elected President of Venezuela.

Ref: 5

Carlos Andrés Pérez re-elected President of Venezuela.

Ref: 5

Premier Ranasinghe Premadasa elected President of Sri Lanka.

Ref: 5

1989

Ranasinghe Premadasa is inaugurated as president of Sri Lanka.

Ref: 17

Jan 12

Idi Amin expelled from Zaire.

Ref: 5

Alfredo Stroessner, president of Paraguay for more than three decades, was overthrown in a military coup.

Ref: 17

Kidnapped Belgian Premier Vanden Boeynants freed.

Ref: 5

William Hayden becomes governor-General of Australia.

Ref: 5

A state funeral was held in Japan for Emperor Hirohito, who had died the month before at age 87. (TWA, 1990)

Ref: 95

Ferdinand (Edralin) Marcos President of the Philippines [1966-1986]; dies.

Ref: 4

Hu Yaobang General Secretary of Chinese Commnist Party, dies.

Ref: 5

2nd government of Lubbers falls.

Ref: 5

May 30

Claude (Denson) Pepper US Senator from Florida [1936-1950]; member of Congress for fourteen terms; champion of social welfare for the elderly; died.

Ref: 2

Jun 03

Iran's spiritual leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, died.

Ref: 70

Jun 04

Iran's spiritual leader, Ayatalloh Ruhullah Khomeini of Iran, dies at 86 of internal bleeding. (TWA, 1990)

Ref: 95

Jun 06

Burial services were held for Iran's spiritual leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

Ref: 70

Jul 06

János Kádár, premier Hungary (1956-58), dies in Budapest, Hungary.

Ref: 68

Aug 19

Tadeusz Mazowiecki, elected first non-communmist president of Poland.

Ref: 5

Sep 28

Ferdinand (Edralin) Marcos President of the Philippines [1966-1986]; dies in exile in Hawaii at age 72.

Ref: 4

Oct 03

Panamanian Defense Force attempted coup of Manuel Noriega fails.

Ref: 5

Oct 18

Erich Honecker was ousted as leader of East Germany after 18 years in power; he was succeeded by Egon Krenz.

Ref: 70

Vishwanath Pratap Singh sworn in as President of India.

Ref: 5

East German Communist leader Egon Krenz, the ruling Politburo and the party's Central Committee resigned.

Ref: 70

Egon Krenz resigned as leader of East Germany.

Ref: 6

President Gustav Husák of Czechoslovakia, resigns.

Ref: 5

Brazil elects conservative Fernando Collor de Mello president.

Ref: 5

Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu, the last of Eastern Europe's hard-line Communist rulers, was toppled from power in a popular uprising.

Ref: 70

Ousted Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, were captured while trying to flee the country.

Ref: 70

Ousted Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega, who had succeeded in eluding U.S. forces, took refuge at the Vatican's diplomatic mission in Panama City.

Ref: 70

Alexander Dubcek, the former Czechoslovak Communist leader who was deposed in a Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion in 1968, was named chairman of the country's parliament.

Ref: 3

Vaclav Havel becomes President of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 5

1990

Belcampo [Herman Schönfeld Wichers], Dutch lawyer/writer, dies at 87.

Ref: 5

Deposed Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega was arraigned in federal district court in Miami on drug-trafficking charges.

Ref: 70

Alberto Lleras Camargo President of Colombia (1945-46, 58-62), dies.

Ref: 5

Naruhiko Higashikuni, Japanese imperial prince/prime minister, dies at age 102.

Ref: 70

Mariano Rumor Italy's PM (1968-70, 73-1974), dies.

Ref: 5

Annelien Kappeyne van de Coppello Dutch MP (Liberal), dies at 53.

Ref: 5

Former Salvadoran President Jose Napoleon Duarte (1984-89), dies at age 64.

Ref: 70

Sandro Pertini President of Italy (1978, 85), dies at 93.

Ref: 5

Feb 26

Daniel Ortega, communist president of Nicaragua, suffers a shocking election defeat at the hands of Violeta Chamorro.

Ref: 2

Luis Alberto Lacelle sworn in as President of Uruguay.

Ref: 5

Lieutenant General Avril resigns as President of Haiti.

Ref: 5

Nicholoas Braithwaite elected premier of Grenada.

Ref: 5

Fernando Collor de Mello sworn in as President of Brazil.

Ref: 5

Horst Sinderman RDA first minister (1973-76), dies.

Ref: 5

Violeta Barrios de Chamorro was inaugurated as president of Nicaragua, ending 11 years of leftist Sandinista rule.

Ref: 70

Former President PW Botha quit South Africa's ruling National Party.

Ref: 5

Dominican Republic President Joaquín Ricardo Balaguer re-elected.

Ref: 5

César Gaviria Trujillo chosen President of Colombia.

Ref: 5

César Gaviria Trujillo installed as President of Colombia.

Ref: 5

Hussein Bin Onn first minister of Malasia (1976-81), dies.

Ref: 5

Boris N. Yeltsin was elected president of the Russian republic by the Russian parliament.

Ref: 70

Morocco's King Hussein II dies at the age of 70. (XDG, p 4A, 7/23/2000)

Ref: 83

Oct 03

Stefano Casiraghi Princess Caroline of Monaco husband, dies at 30

Ref: 5

Poland held its first popular presidential election. (Solidarity founder Lech Walesa, who received a plurality of votes, won a runoff the following month.)

Ref: 4

Tunku Abdul Rahman PM of Malaysia (1957-70), dies.

Ref: 5

In Poland, Lech Walesa, leader of the Solidarity trade union, wins a landslide victory over transitional Premier Tadeusz Mazowiecki, becoming the first democratically elected Polish leader in over six decades.

Ref: 3

Jean-Bertrand Aristide was elected president of Haiti in the country's first democratic elections.

Ref: 70

Lech Walesa took the oath of office as Poland's first popularly elected president.

Ref: 70

Lucas Polhaupessy Moluccan leader, dies.

Ref: 5

1991

Jan Krzystof Bielecki becomes premier of Poland.

Ref: 5

Jorge Serrano Elías elected President of Guatemala.

Ref: 5

President Mario Soares of Portugal re-elected.

Ref: 5

Jorge Serrano Elías sworn in as President of Guatemala.

Ref: 5

Dictator Siad Barre flees Somalia ending 22 year rule.

Ref: 5

The Rev. Jean-Bertrand Aristide was sworn in as Haiti's first democratically-elected president.

Ref: 70

Military coup in Thailand, Premier Choonhaven arrested.

Ref: 5

Mar 03

Miguel Trovoada installed as President of Sao Tomé e Principal.

Ref: 5

Paulo Muwanga chief of Uganda (1980), dies.

Ref: 5

Yumzhagin Tsendenbal PM of Mongolia (1952-74), dies.

Ref: 5

Ho Dam foreign minister North-Korea (1970-83), dies.

Ref: 5

Jiang Qing widow of Chinese leader Mao Tse Tung, commits suicide.

Ref: 5

Edith Cresson becomes France's first female premier.

Ref: 5

Nepal premier Bhattarai resigns.

Ref: 5

Ethiopia's Marxist president (Mengistu Haile Mariam) resigned and fled into exile as rebels continued to advance.

Ref: 5

Jean Van Joutte PM of Belgium (1952-54), dies.

Ref: 5

Sonia Gandhi, the Italian-born wife of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, was designated to lead his Congress Party through national elections, one day after his assassination. (However, Mrs. Gandhi turned down the position.)

Ref: 6

Jean van Houte Belgian premier, dies.

Ref: 5

Jun 04

The government of China announced the death of Jiang Qing, the 77-year-old widow of Mao Tse-tung, saying she had committed suicide on May 14th.

Ref: 6

Jun 16

Boris Yeltsin elected president of Russian SSR.

Ref: 5

Liberian President Samuel K. Doe was killed after being captured by rebels.

Ref: 6

Sep 30

The military in Haiti overthrew Jean-Bertrand Aristide, the country's first freely elected president. (He was later returned to power.)

Ref: 70

Nursultan Nazarbayev sworn in as President of Kazakhstan.

Ref: 5

Patrick Manning becomes premier of Trinidad & Tobago.

Ref: 5

Paul Keating installed as premier of Australia.

Ref: 5

A day before resigning, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev briefed Russian President Boris Yeltsin on nuclear weapons-firing procedures. Gorbachev also held a farewell meeting with staff members.

Ref: 5

1992

Radomiro Tomic Chilean President (1970), dies.

Ref: 5

After two weeks of fighting, ousted Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia fled the capital, Tbilisi.

Ref: 64

Menachim Begin Israeli PM, dies at 78 of a heart attack.

Ref: 5

Algeria's President Chadli announces his resignation.

Ref: 5

Roberto d'Aubuisson leader of El Salvador, dies.

Ref: 5

Jan 22

Ali Amini PM of Iran (1961-62), dies.

Ref: 5

Janio Quadros President of Brazil (1961), dies.

Ref: 5

Heinz Kühn Prime Minister (Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany), dies at 80.

Ref: 5

Mar 20

Noriega's wife Felicidad arrested for stealing buttons from dresses.

Ref: 5

PJ Patterson, resigns as 6th Prime Minister of Jamaica.

Ref: 5

Sali Berisha becomes president/Alexander Meksi premier of Albania.

Ref: 5

Thailand General Suchinda Kraprayoon installed as president.

Ref: 5

PLO chairman Yasser Arafat survived the crash-landing of his plane in the Libyan desert; three crew members were killed.

Ref: 70

Apr 16

Afghánistán President Najibullah resigns.

Ref: 5

Italian President Francesco Cossiga formally resigns.

Ref: 5

May 02

Yugoslav Army seize Bosnian President Alija Izetbegovic.

Ref: 5

Oscar Luigi Scalfaro elected President of Italy.

Ref: 5

May 30

Karl Carstens President German Federal Republic (1979-84), dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Jul 20

Vaclav Havel, the playwright who led the Velvet Revolution against communism, stepped down as president of Czechoslovakia.

Ref: 70

Jul 29

Former East German leader Erich Honecker is arrested on his return to his homeland and charged with manslaughter. He was permitted to leave after he was diagnosed with terminal cancer. (XDG, p 4A, 7/29/2002)

Ref: 83

Nov 07

Alexander Dubcek, headed Czech Communist Party (1968-69), dies at age 70.

Ref: 70

Nureddin Al-Atassi President of Syria (1966-70), dies.

Ref: 5

Fré [Frederik] Meis Dutch MP (CPN), dies at 71.

Ref: 5

Slobodan Milosevic re-elected President of Serbia.

Ref: 5

1993

Klaas Wiersma Dutch Secretary of Justice (VVD), dies.

Ref: 5

Former East German leader Erich Honecker was freed from prison and allowed to leave for Chili. (XDG, p 4A, 1/13/2003)

Ref: 83

Rene Pleven PM of France (1950-51, 51-52), dies.

Ref: 5

Manfred Lachs Polish lawyer (International Court of Justice), dies.

Ref: 5

Former Czechoslovak President Vaclav Havel was elected president of the new Czech Republic.

Ref: 70

Kim Young-sam is sworn in as South Korea's first civilian president in 32 years. (XDG, p 4A, 2/25/2003)

Ref: 83

Ricardo M Arias Espinosa President of Panamá (1955-56), dies.

Ref: 5

Ezer Weizman elected President of Israel.

Ref: 5

Russian President Boris Yeltsin and his chief political rival, parlaiment speaker Ruslan Khasbulatov, claim victory after surviving attemps by the Russian Congress to oust them. (XDG, p 4A, 3/28/2003)

Ref: 83

Jamaican premier Percival Patterson wins parliamentary election.

Ref: 5

Jose Maria Lemus President of El Salvador (1956-60), dies.

Ref: 5

Hedi Amira Nouira PM of Tunisia (1970-80), dies.

Ref: 5

Kirsan Ilumzjinov installed as President of Kalmukkie.

Ref: 5

Rachmon Nabiyev President of Tadzjikistan (1973..92), dies at 63.

Ref: 5

Isaac Rojas Vice President of Argentina (1955-58), dies.

Ref: 5

Turgut Özal President of Turkey (1989-93), dies at 65.

Ref: 5

Oliver Tambo President of South Africa’s African National Congress (1969-91); dies at age 75.

Ref: 4

Carlo Ciampi forms Italian government with ex-communists.

Ref: 5

Süleyman Demirel elected President of Turkey.

Ref: 5

Ukraine Premier Leonid Koetsjma resigns.

Ref: 5

Venezuela president Carlos Andrés Pérez fired.

Ref: 5

Polish Government of Suchocka falls.

Ref: 5

President Dobrica Cosic of little Yugoslavia flees.

Ref: 5

Jun 18

In Japan, the government of Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazwa falls. (XDG, p 4A, 6/18/2003)

Ref: 83

Aug 30

Robert Malval is installed as Prime Minister of Haiti. (XDG, p 4A, 9/04/2003)

Ref: 83

Former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos was buried in his homeland, four years after his death in exile.

Ref: 70

Nov 05

Talks on restoring ousted Haitian President Jean-Beatrand Aristide to power collapse when military representatives fail to attend. (XDG, p 4A, 11/05/2003)

Ref: 83

Rafael Caldera elected President of Venezuela.

Ref: 5

Henri Konan Bédié names himself President of Ivory coast.

Ref: 5

Félix Houphouet-Boigny President of Ivory Coast (1960-93), dies at 88.

Ref: 5

Ivory Coast Premier Ouattara resigns.

Ref: 5

Eduardo Frei elected President of Chile.

Ref: 5

Jozsef Antall historian/premier of Hungary (1990-93), dies at 61.

Ref: 5

Haitian premier Robert Malval resigns.

Ref: 5

Kakuei Tanaka premier of Japan (1972-74), dies at 75.

Ref: 5

Ratu Penaia Ganilau President of Fiji (1987-93), dies at 75.

Ref: 5

Guinee General Lansana re-elected president.

Ref: 5

Yen Chia-kan PM/President of Taiwan (1963-72, 75-78), dies.

Ref: 5

Dutch Antilles government of Yandi Paula forms.

Ref: 5

Zviad Gamsachurdia President of Georgia SSR (1991-1993), suicide at 54.

Ref: 5

1994

Michiel P "Michael" Gorsira Governor of Curaçao (1951-67), dies at 80.

Ref: 5

Phoumi Vongvichit President of Laos (1986-91), dies.

Ref: 5

Catharina I "Ien" Dales minister of Internal affairs (1989-94), dies at 62.

Ref: 5

Johan J Holst Norwegian minister of defense/foreign affairs, dies at 56.

Ref: 5

Federica Montseny anarchist/Spanish minister of Health (1936), dies at 80.

Ref: 5

Chung Il Kwon PM of South Korea (1964-70), dies.

Ref: 5

Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Kenyan Vice-President (1963-66), dies at about 81.

Ref: 5

Carlos Reina succeeds President Callejas in Honduras.

Ref: 5

Jan 30

Bahjat Talhouni PM of Jordan (1960-62, 64-65, 67-69, 69-70), dies.

Ref: 5

José Maria Figueres elected President of Costa Rica.

Ref: 5

Martti Ahtisaari elected President of Finland.

Ref: 5

Premier Alfonso Bustamente ends government in Peru.

Ref: 5

Martti Ahtisaari inaugurated as President of Finland.

Ref: 5

Abdullah Al-Sallal President of Yemen (1962-67), dies.

Ref: 5

Mar 07

Charles Taylor resigns as President of Liberia.

Ref: 5

Eduardo Frei succeeds Patricio Aylwin as President of Chile.

Ref: 5

President Mangope of Bophuthaswana deposed.

Ref: 5

The presidents of Rwanda (Juvénal Habyarimana) and Burundi were killed in a mysterious plane crash near Rwanda's capital; widespread violence erupted in Rwanda over claims the plane had been shot down.

Ref: 70

Japan's premier Morihiro Hosokawa resigns.

Ref: 5

Aruba government of Oduber falls.

Ref: 5

Aruba government of Oduber falls.

Ref: 5

Armando Calderón Sol wins El Salvador presidential election.

Ref: 5

Tsutomu Hata elected premier of Japan.

Ref: 5

José Maria Figueres becomes President of Costa Rica.

Ref: 2

Ernesto Pérez Balladares elected President of Panama.

Ref: 2

May 10

Silvio Berlusconi forms Italian Government with 5 neo-fascists

Ref: 2

Joaquín Balaguer (86) elected President of Dominican Republic.

Ref: 5

Bakili Muluzi's UDF wins Malawi presidents/parliamentary election.

Ref: 5

Giovanni Goria PM of Italy (1987-88), dies.

Ref: 5

Roman Herzog elected President of Germany

Ref: 5

Erich Honecker President of German Democratic Republic (1971-89), dies in Chile at 81.

Ref: 5

Jul 08

Kim Il Sung, North Korea's communist leader since 1948, died at age 82.

Ref: 70

Jul 19

Funeral services were held for North Korean dictator Kim Il Sung, who had died July 8th at age 82. (TWA, 1995)

Ref: 95

Carlos Reina succeeds President Callejas in Honduras.

Ref: 5

Ernesto Zedillo innaugrated as President of México.

Ref: 5

Kim II Sung President of North Korea (1945-94), dies at 82.

Ref: 5

Yao Yilin Vice PM of China (1979), dies.

Ref: 5

John Bruton becomes Ireland's premier.

Ref: 5

Italian Prime Minister Berlusconi resigns.

Ref: 5

Zail Singh President of India (1982-87), dies at 78.

Ref: 5

Bangladesh government of Zia resigns.

Ref: 5

1995

Fernando Henrique Cardoso installed as President of Brazil.

Ref: 5

Siad Barre General/President of Somalia (1969-91), dies at 84

Ref: 5

Joe Slovo Latvian/South African attorney/Secretary-General (SACR), dies at 68.

Ref: 5

Souphanouvong [Red Prince], President of Laos (1975-87), dies at 85.

Ref: 5

Jan 19

Jean-Claude Juncker (28) sworn in as premier of Luxembourg.

Ref: 5

Mehdi Bazargan director Iranian oil corp/premier (1979), dies at 86.

Ref: 5

Souphanouvong [Red Prince], President of Laos (1975-87), dies at 85.

Ref: 5

Burundi premier Anatole Kanyenkiko, resigns.

Ref: 5

Antoine Nduwayo appointed Premier of Burundi.

Ref: 5

Jozef Oleksy succeeds Waldemar Pawlak on as premier of Poland.

Ref: 5

Julio María Sanguinetti sworn in as President of Uruguay.

Ref: 5

Ukraine premier Vitaly Massol, resigns.

Ref: 5

Costis Stephanopoulos becomes President of Greece.

Ref: 5

President Konstantine Karamanlis (88) of Greece, resigns.

Ref: 5

Carlos Menem Jr son of Argentine President, dies at 26.

Ref: 5

Mar 17

Ahmad Khomeini youngest son of Iran ayatollah Khomeini, dies at 48.

Ref: 5

Vieno J Sukselainen PM of Finland (1959-61), dies.

Ref: 5

Ranchhodji Morarji Desai, Prime Minister of India (1977-79), dies at age 99.

Ref: 70

Chen Yun Vice-Premier of China (1949-75, 79-80), dies.

Ref: 5

Arturo Frondizi President of Argentina (1958-62), dies.

Ref: 5

Israeli PM Shimon Peres address both house of US congress.

Ref: 5

Manuel Gutierrez Mellado PM of Defense of Spain (1977-81), dies at 83.

Ref: 5

Dame Ruth Nita Barrow governor-General of Barbados, dies at 79.

Ref: 5

Nello Celio President of Switzerland (1972), dies at 81.

Ref: 5

1996

Henry Lennox d'Aubigny Hopkinson diplomat/politician, dies at 94.

Ref: 5

Karoly Grosz PM of Hungry (1987-88), dies at 65.

Ref: 5

Willian Myuon Bany Guerrilla leader dies.

Ref: 5

Jan 18

N T Rama Rao PM of Andhra Pradesh India (1983-84, 84-89, 94-95), dies.

Ref: 5

U San Yu soldier/politician, President of Burma in (1981-88), dies at 77.

Ref: 5

Kebby Musokotwane prime minister of Zambia in (1985-89), dies.

Ref: 5

Jacobo Majluta President of Dominican Republic (1982), dies at 61

Ref: 5

Khundaqar Mushtaq Amhed President of Bangladesh (1975), dies.

Ref: 5

Gyula Kallai Prime Minister of Hungry (1965-67), dies at 85.

Ref: 5

Winnie Mandela divorces Nelson after 38 years of marrage.

Ref: 5

Shin Kanemaru Vice President of Japan (1986-87), dies at 81.

Ref: 5

Alfredo Nobre Coast PM of Portugal (1978), dies.

Ref: 5

Dzhokhar Dudayev President of Republic of Chechenia (1991), dies at 52.

Ref: 5

Hiteshwar Saikia PM of Indian state of Assam (1991-96), dies

Ref: 5

Siti Hartinah Suharto wife of President Suharto of Indonesia, dies at 72.

Ref: 5

Julio Cesar Mendez Montenegro President of Guatemala (1966-70), dies

Ref: 5

PLO leader Yasser Arafat received a statesman's welcome at the White House, where he met with President Clinton for 45 minutes, then lashed out at Israel for keeping its borders closed to Palestinian workers.

Ref: 6

Nnamdi Azikiwe President of Nigeria (1963-66), dies.

Ref: 5

Janaki Ramachandran PM of Indian state of Tamil Nadu (1988), dies.

Ref: 5

Benjamin Netanyahu was elected Israeli prime minister.

Ref: 70

Benjamin Netanyahu claimed victory in Israel's election for prime minister, defeating incumbent Shimon Peres by nine-tenths of one percent.

Ref: 5

Neela Sanjiva Reddy President of India (1977-82), dies.

Ref: 5

Jun 18

Benjamin Netanyahu was sworn in (following Knesset approval) as Israel’s 9th Prime Minister. Netanyahu, the first prime minister born after the establishment of Israel, was elected May 29. His Likud-Party government lasted just under three years. He was by defeated by the Labor Party’s leader, Ehud Barak, May 17, 1999.

Ref: 4

Jun 23

Andreas Papandreou, Greek prime minister, dies at age 77.

Ref: 70

Jean-Bédel Bokassa, ruler of Central African Republic 1965-79, dies in Bangui CAF at age 75. (TWA, 1998)

Ref: 95

Babrak Karmal PM of Afghánistán (1980-81), dies.

Ref: 5

Stanko Todorov PM of Bulgaria (1971-81), dies

Ref: 5

Amata Kabua President of Marshall Islands (1979-96), dies.

Ref: 5

Nguyen Huu Tho President of Vietnam (1980-81), dies.

Ref: 5

Rupert John Governor-General of Grenadines (1970-76), dies.

Ref: 5

Peggy (Margaret McCrorie) Herbison politician, dies at 89.

Ref: 5

Robert Grant-Ferris politician, dies at 89

Ref: 5

1997

Russian President Boris Yeltsin was hospitalized with early signs of pneumonia.

Ref: 64

Edward Osobka-Morawski prime minister of Poland (1945-47), dies.

Ref: 5

Right-winger Arnoldo Aleman sworn in as President of Nicaragua.

Ref: 5

Edward Osobka-Morawski prime minister of Poland (1945-47), dies.

Ref: 5

Feb 10

Milton Cato PM of San Vincent & Grenadines (1979-84), dies.

Ref: 5

Enrique Peralta Azurdia military President of Guatemala in (1963-66), dies.

Ref: 5

Deng Xiaoping, the last of China’s major Communist revolutionaries, died at age 93. He had ruled China from 1978 until he retired in 1990, but his influence remained strong until his death.

Ref: 4

Deng Xiaoping, leader of China, cremated (died Feb 19th).

Ref: 5

Jagan Guyanes Prime Minister of Guyana (1953, 57-64), dies.

Ref: 5

Michael Manley Jamaican Prime Minister (PNP, 1972-80, 89-92), dies.

Ref: 5

Zdenek Mlynar Secretary of Czechoslovakian Communist Central Committee (1968), dies

Ref: 5

Chaim Herzog President of Israel (1983-93), dies at 78

Ref: 5

Andres Rodriguez Paraguayan President (1989-93), dies.

Ref: 5

Diosdado Macapagal Philippine President (1961-65), dies

Ref: 5

Vijayananda Dahanayake PM of Sri Lanka (1959-60), dies

Ref: 5

Kai-Uwe Von Hassel German President of Bundestag (CDU 1969-72), dies

Ref: 5

Princess Caradja-Kretzulesco descendant of Dracula, dies at 76.

Ref: 5

Zaire's president, Mobutu Sese Seko, ended 32 years of autocratic rule, giving control of the country to rebel forces.

Ref: 70

Rebel leader Kabila declared himself president of Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire.

Ref: 70

Virgilio Boat President of Colombia (1986-90), dies

Ref: 5

Muhammad Fadhel PM of Iraq (1953-54), dies

Ref: 5

Jul 25

K.R. Narayanan became India's president, the first member of an "untouchable" Dalits caste to do so.

Ref: 70

Sep 07

Former Zairian dictator Mobutu Sese Seko died in exile in Morocco at age 66.

Ref: 70

1998

Gulzarilal Nanda temporary PM of India (1964, 66), dies

Ref: 5

Zevulun Hammer Vice PM of Israel, dies

Ref: 5

Hilla Limann President of Ghana in (1979-81), dies

Ref: 5

Mohammad Yusuf Khan prime minister of Afghanistan in (1963-65), dies

Ref: 5

Nazim al-Kudsi Syrian PM (1949, 1950-51)/President (1961-63), dies

Ref: 5

Kim Dae-jung, once South Korea's leading dissadent, is inaugurated as its president. (XDG, p 4A, 2/25/2003)

Ref: 83

Indonesia's President Suharto is elected to his 7th term. (XDG, p 4A, 3/10/2003)

Ref: 83

Mar 14

India's Congress Party picked Sonia Gandhi, the Italian-born widow of assassinated prime minister Rajiv Gandi, as its new president. (XDG, p 4A, 3/14/2003)

Ref: 83

Pol Pot, the notorious leader of the Khmer Rouge, died at age 73, evading prosecution for the deaths of two million Cambodians. (TWA, 1999)

Ref: 95

Sep 27

Social Democrat Gerhard Schroeder was elected chancellor of Germany, ending 16 years of conservative rule.

Ref: 70

Oct 04

Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso wins re-election. (Columbus Dispatch, p C5, 10/04/2003)

Britain's highest court rules that former Chilian dictator General Augusto Pinochet, whose extradition was being sought by Spain, could not claim immunity from prosecution for crimes committed during his rule. (XDG, p 4A, 11/25/2003)

Ref: 83

In Venezuela, former Lt. Col. Hugo Chavez, who staged a bloody coup attempt against the government six years earlier, was elected president.

Ref: 70

Dec 21

Israel appeared headed for early elections after Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu failed to restore unity to a government badly shaken up over his decision to suspend the Wye River land-for-security accord brokered by the United States in October 1998. The embattled Netanyahu was heckled by members left and right of the political spectrum when he rose to address Israel’s 120-member parliament, the Knesset. (Netanyahu was indeed defeated in 1999 by Ehud Barak.)

Ref: 4

1999

Jordan's King Hussein turns over temporary operation of his country to his eldest son and flies to the US for urgent medical care. (XDG, p 4A, 1/26/2004)

Ref: 83

The emir of Bahrain (Sheik Isa bin Salman Al Kalifa), a key Western ally who had ruled for nearly four decades, dies shortly after a meeting with Defense Secretary William Cohen; he was 65. (XDG, p 4A, 3/06/2004)

Ref: 83

Labor Party leader Ehud Barak unseated Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Israeli elections.

Ref: 70

Jun 16

Thabo Mbeki takes the oath as president of South Africa, succeeding Nelson Mandela. (XDG, p 4A, 6/16/2004)

Ref: 83

King Hassan II of Morocco dies. (Ref: "The Dayton Daily News", p.7A, 1/2/2000)

Sep 20

Raisa Gorbachev, wife of the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, died of leukemia at age 67.

Ref: 70

Oct 14

Julius Nyerere, founding father and first president of Tanzania, dies in London England at age 77. (TWA, 2000)

Ref: 95

Oct 20

Jack Lynch, Irish politician; prime minister of Ireland (1966-73, 1977-9), dies at age 82.

Ref: 70

Alfonso Portillo, a populist lawyer, scored a resounding victory in Guatemala's first peacetime presidential elections in nearly 40 years.

Ref: 70

Russian President Boris Yeltsin announces his resignation for health reasons. (XDG, p 4A, 12/31/2000)

Ref: 83

2000

Ricardo Lagos was elected Chile's first socialist president since Salvador Allende.

Ref: 70

Austrian President Thomas Klestil swore in a coalition government that included Joerg Haider's far-right Freedom Party, triggering European Union sanctions.

Ref: 70

Former Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet left Britain for his homeland, hours after he was ruled mentally unfit to stand trial on charges of human rights abuses.

Ref: 70

Japanese Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi suffered a debilitating stroke. He died more than a month later.

Ref: 64

Yoshiro Mori took over as Japan's new prime minister, succeeding Keizo Obuchi, who had been felled by a stroke.

Ref: 70

Assailants shot and killed Zika Petrovic, an ally of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic.

Ref: 6

Former Japanese Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi (kay-zoh oh-boo-chee) died in Tokyo at age 62. (TWA, 2001)

Ref: 95

Jun 10

Syrian President Hafez Assad died at age 69.

Ref: 70

Jun 11

A day after the death of Syrian President Hafez Assad, his son, Bashar, was unanimously nominated by Syria's ruling Baath Party to succeed his father.

Ref: 6

Jun 19

Former Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita died in Tokyo at age 76. (TWA, 2001)

Ref: 95

Jul 02

Opposition candidate Vicente Fox won Mexico's presidential elections, ending the Institutional Revolutionary Party's 71-year reign.

Ref: 70

Jul 17

Bashar Assad, son of Hafez Assad, began a seven-year term as Syria's 16th head of state.

Ref: 70

Aug 19

Hugo Chavez takes the oath of office as president of Venezuela after a landslide re-election.

Ref: 6

Sep 19

German voters handed Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder's governing Social Democrats a humiliating defeat in elections in the eastern state of Saxony, giving it just eleven percent of the votes.

Ref: 2

Sep 26

Slobodan Milosevic conceded that his challenger, Vojislav Kostunica, had finished first in Yugoslavia's presidential election and declared a runoff a move that prompted mass protests leading to Milosevic's ouster.

Ref: 70

Oct 07

Vojislav Kostunica took the oath of office as Yugoslavia's first popularly elected president, closing the turbulent era of Slobodan Milosevic.

Ref: 70

Nov 20

Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori resigned, ending a 10-year reign.

Ref: 70

Nov 26

Haiti held its presidential election; a former president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, won by a huge margin.

Ref: 5

Vicente Fox was sworn in as president of Mexico, ending 71 years of ruling-party domination.

Ref: 70

Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak submitted his resignation.

Ref: 70

2001

Laurent Kabila, president of the Democratic Republic of Congo, was killed in a shooting at his home.

Ref: 70

Ariel Sharon was elected Israeli prime minister in a landslide over Ehud Barak.

Ref: 70

Apr 26

Junichiro Koizumi was elected prime minister of Japan by the lower house of Japan's parliament.

Ref: 70

Jul 29

Edward Gierek, the Polish communist ruler who pushed for reform during the 1970s but was forced from power in 1980 over mounting debt and strikes, dies at 88. (XDG, p 4A, 7/29/2002)

Ref: 83

Argentine President Fernando De la Rua resigns, hours after his economy minister, following two days of anti-government unrest that left about 24 dead and more than 200 injured. (XDG, p 4A, 12/20/2002)

Ref: 83

Hamid Karzai is sworn in as prime minister of Afghanistan.

Ref: 70

2002

Launching his defense against war crimes charges, former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic justified his actions as a "struggle against terrorism" and said he was a victim of twisted facts and "terrible fabrication."

Ref: 70

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez resigned under pressure from the country's divided military. (He was returned to office two days later).

Ref: 70

Venezuela's interim president, Pedro Carmona, resigned a day after taking office in the face of protests by thousands of supporters of the ousted president, Hugo Chavez.

Ref: 70

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez returned to office two days after being ousted and arrested by his country's military.

Ref: 70

Hugo Banzer, former president of Bolivia, a one-time dictator who led his country to democracy, dies at age 75. (XDG, p 8A, 1/01/2003)

Ref: 83

Alvaro Uribe is elected Columbia's president. (XDG, p 4A, 5/26/2003)

Ref: 83

Jun 13

Backed by the US, Hamid Karzai overwhelmingly won 18 more months as leader of Afghanistan's fledgling government. (XDG, p 4A, 6/13/2003)

Ref: 83

Jul 04

Suliman Olayan, a Saudi businessman and one of the wealthiest men in the world, dies at ag e 83. (XDG, p 8A, 1/01/2003)

Ref: 83

Aug 04

Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada wins the Bolivian presidency for a second time. (XDG, p 4A, 8/04/2003)

Ref: 83

Sep 22

Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder's Social Democrats won one of Germany's closest post-war elections. (XDG, p 4A, 9/22/2003)

Ref: 83

Nov 15

Hu Jintao replaces Jiang Zemin as China's Communist Party Leader. (XDG, p 4A, 11/15/2003)

Ref: 83

2003

Brazil's first elected leftist president, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, takes office. (XDG, p 4A, 1/01/2004)

Ref: 83

Hu Jintao was chosen to replace Jiang Zemin as the president of China.

Ref: 70

Mahmoud Abbas accepted the new position of Palestinian prime minister.

Ref: 70

The Palestinian parliament approved Mahmoud Abbas as prime minister, clearing the final obstacle to the launch of a U.S.-backed "road map" to peace.

Ref: 70